Abstract
One of the main applications of field spectroscopy is the generation of spectral libraries of Earth’s surfaces or materials to support mapping activities using imaging spectroscopy. To enhance the reliability of these libraries, spectral signature acquisition should be carried out following standard procedures and controlled experimental approaches. This paper presents a standard protocol for the creation of a spectral library for plant species. The protocol is based on characterizing the reflectance spectral response of different species in the spatiotemporal domain, by accounting for intra-species variation and inter-species similarity. A practical case study was conducted on the shrubland located in Doñana National Park (SW Spain). Spectral libraries of the five dominant shrub species were built (Erica scoparia, Halimium halimifolium, Ulex australis, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Stauracanthus genistoides). An estimation was made of the separability between species: on one hand, the Student’s t-test evaluates significant intra-species variability (p < 0.05) and on the other hand, spectral similarity value (SSV) and spectral angle mapper (SAM) algorithms obtain significant separability values for dominant species, although it was not possible to discriminate the legume species Ulex australis and Stauracanthus genistoides.
Highlights
In order to develop understanding of the effects of ecological processes and perturbations on the spatiotemporal distribution of plant communities, organizations responsible for managing protected natural areas require vegetation mapping at species level [1]
The main outcome of our work are the spectral libraries for the five dominant shrub species in Doñana National Park (DNP); they provide significant support to vegetation mapping using airborne imaging spectroscopy
R. officinalis exhibits the highest coefficient of variation (CV), the greater Plant Area Index (PAI) range was found for H. halimifolium, meaning that PAI changes have a greater influence on the spectral response of R. officinalis
Summary
In order to develop understanding of the effects of ecological processes and perturbations on the spatiotemporal distribution of plant communities, organizations responsible for managing protected natural areas require vegetation mapping at species level [1]. Among hyperspectral techniques, imaging spectroscopy is well developed on airborne platforms and has recently gained ground with the deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), the process is still in its initial stages for spaceborne instruments [4]. In this respect, forthcoming space missions, such as EnMAP [5] or PRISMA [6], will bolster to move forward in the consolidation of hyperspectral techniques. Current Status of Field Spectroscopy for Plant Spectral Library Generation. A typical configuration sets a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of nearly 3 nm in the VNIR spectral region, and about 10 nm in the SWIR region, for more specific applications (i.e., fluorescence measurements) a FWHM of 1 nm is required in the VNIR
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