Toward a Resistant Drawing

Anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists are struggling with the question of how to evaluate the impact of new information technology, especially when devices promise to benefit patient safety [1]. The value of many innovations in technology for anesthesia and critical care medicine, like automated record keeping, pulse oximetry, or integrated patient monitors, lies in their impact on the cognition of medical personnel processes such as attention, workload, and reasoning. In evaluating the impact o f new technology, the unit of analysis cannot be the new box or capability in isolation; rather, it must be the larger information processing system that includes the physician's cognitive processes, the set o f interacting physicians and medical personnel for that setting, and the set o f tools that influence the information processing of these people [2]. It is the person-machine system that needs to be evaluated, not simply an electronic box. The work by Loeb investigating the impact o f record-keeping technology on anesthesiologist workload and attention is one example of the direction in which technology assessment needs to move. He has taken one approach for investigating human performance, the dual task class of methods, and tried to adapt it to investigate anesthesiologis; performance during actual cases. In this class of methods, the investigators introduce an additional, or secondary, task that can be related or unrelated to the pr imary task. Variations in performance on the secondary task provide one indication of the workload or mental resources devoted to the pr imary task.

Importance. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly permeating all areas of professional activity, leading to increased demands for digital skills among specialists. One of the ways to prepare competitive personnel should be the integration of AI tools into the educational process. The aim of this research is to analyse the advantages of implementing the AI Email Tone Analyzer tool for the development of professional communication competencies among students in the field of business communication in English. In the context of rapid digital progress and the growing volume of communication via electronic means, it is essential not only to be able to articulate thoughts but also to correctly interpret the tone and emotional nuance of messages.Materials and Methods. Analysis of scientific literature related to the topic, comparison and summarisation of empirical data, as well as conducting an experiment. The materials for the research included business letters published on the 101 Business Letter website, as well as letters written by master’s students from the language faculty. The participants in the experiment consisted of 50 first and second-year students enrolled in the full-time Master’s programme (field 44.04.01 “Pedagogical Education”, profile “Foreign Languages in the Context of Contemporary Culture”). The experiment is conducted as part of the course “Business Foreign Language” at the Pedagogical Institute of Saratov State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky.Results and Discussion. It has been proven that the use of the AI tool AI Email Tone Analyzer significantly enhances students’ proficiency in professional communication skills. The average number of errors in business correspondence has decreased by 42 %, while the average time taken to prepare letters has reduced by 7 minutes. Qualitative analysis also revealed an increase in students’ confidence in their skills and competencies – 66 % of students reported a reduction in anxiety level when writing business emails in English due to automated feedback. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in students’ engagement in the learning process – 78 % of respondents emphasized that they began to participate more frequently and willingly in written assignments and discussions in English after the implementation of this AI tool. 82 % of students started to consult their teacher less often when writing business emails, preferring to analyze the text with the help of artificial intelligence first indicating a rise in autonomy. In terms of communication processes, 100 % of students noted a marked increase in satisfaction with communication and a reduction in misunderstandings between business partners or interlocutors thanks to the tone adjustments made by the AI Email Tone Analyzer.Conclusion. The conducted research has led to the following key conclusions: the AI Email Tone Analyzer assists students in better recognising and adapting the tone of their messages according to the audience and situation, which promotes more effective communication; the use of the tool enables students to receive immediate feedback on how their messages may be perceived, fostering the development of critical thinking and self-reflection. The prospects for further research appear to lie in a more detailed analysis of the capabilities of the AI tool, the expansion of its application scope, including its integration into the process of learning foreign languages, as well as the examination of the impact of new technologies on organizational processes and behaviour.

The aim of this study was to develop a framework to predict the impact of new health technologies on average length of hospital stay. A literature search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Health Management Information Consortium databases was conducted to identify papers that discuss the impact of new technology on length of stay or report the impact with a proposed mechanism of impact of specific technologies on length of stay. The mechanisms of impact were categorized into those relating to patients, the technology, or the organization of health care and clinical practice. New health technologies have a variable impact on length of stay. Technologies that lead to an increase in the proportion of sicker patients or increase the average age of patients remaining in the hospital lead to an increase in individual and average length of stay. Technologies that do not affect or improve the inpatient case mix, or reduce adverse effects and complications, or speed up the diagnostic or treatment process should lead to a reduction in individual length of stay and, if applied to all patients with the condition, will reduce average length of stay. The prediction framework we have developed will ensure that the characteristics of a new technology that may influence length of stay can be consistently taken into consideration by assessment agencies. It is recognized that the influence of technology on length of stay will change as a technology diffuses and that length of stay is highly sensitive to changes in admission policies and organization of care.

The in rice farming in Indonesia has been a remarkable technological change which has enabled Indonesia to become self-sufficient in rice. Nevertheless, the impact of the new technology on the village-level institutions governing the use of labour and land has been the subject of considerable controversy. A number of models have been advanced to explain the process of institutional change and to predict the impact on different rural classes. However, these models are largely based on observations in the 1970s in Java. This thesis extends the analysis of village-level institutional change in Indonesia in two ways. First, it reassesses the impact of the green revolution in Java through a critical evaluation of earlier studies and in the light of more recent evidence. Second, it reports on a case study of three rice-growing villages in Lampung Province to evaluate the impact of the green revolution in an area outside Java. The case-study villages were chosen to represent differences in production technology and in population pressure. The thesis concludes that single-factor, unidirectional models of institutional change fail to account for the complex nature of the process. It is necessary to examine in detail the characteristics of the village agrarian system, including its resource endowments (land area, land quality, irrigation infrastructure, population, employment opportunities, etc.), technology (crop varieties, cropping patterns and schedules, pest control measures, farm tools and machinery, etc.), cultural factors (cooperative norms, inheritance procedures, etc.) and institutions (rules governing the mobilisation of labour, land tenure rules, farmer groups, etc.). In addition, it is necessary to take into account the environment of the village agrarian system, in particular the role of the state (the provision of incentives, inputs, credit, and markets, and the direct organisation and regulation of farming activities) and the influence of macro-economic conditions (off-farm employment, wages, government revenues, etc.). The thesis demonstrates that a careful examination of the interaction among these various factors permits a coherent explanation of the process of institutional change in Indonesian agriculture, whereas focusing on the role of only one main factor, such as community norms, production technology, population pressure or political goals, provides at best a limited insight into the changes which have taken place. The evidence presented in the thesis shows that village-level institutions do indeed change, largely in response to practical technical and economic considerations as they impact on the day-to-day choice of contractual arrangements at the farm level. At times these changes work against the interests of the poorer classes within the village, but at other times the changes can be beneficial to the poor. A careful monitoring of the overall process of agrarian change is necessary if the impact of new technology on the welfare of the poor is to be assessed.

Objective: This article aimed to verify the impact of new technologies and concepts of Industry 4.0 on the energy efficiency of the production processes of a company in the automotive sector, an assembly plant. Theoretical Framework: It addresses theoretical contributions on technological innovations in industry, concepts and technologies embedded in Industry 4.0, and technological innovations as a means of improving energy efficiency in production processes. Method: Through the energy consumption generated in the company's production areas and in its lighting system, an analysis of the improvement in energy efficiency was carried out using technologies and concepts prior to Industry 4.0 technologies and an analysis of the energy efficiency of the same environments when possible already using the new Industry 4.0 technologies. With the two surveys obtained, an analysis and comparison of the results achieved was carried out. Results and Discussion: The results demonstrated that there were energy savings and improvements in the energy efficiency of the environments using both technologies, but with Industry 4.0 technologies it became clearer the possibility of maintaining the efficiency achieved and analyzing the data generated. Research Implications: It is crucial to intensify technical updates, improve internet infrastructure and develop public policies that encourage digital innovations. University extension projects focused on technological innovations and artificial intelligence are relevant. Originality/Value: The research provides real data on energy consumption in production areas of an assembly company, highlighting the actions to reduce and improve efficiency in its production processes over time and the technologies used for this action, comparing the technologies used before the advent of Industry 4.0 and after with the use of new Industry 4.0 technologies and their results.

The highlights are reported from the fourth international symposium on the impact of new imaging technology on health care, research, and teaching held in San Francisco, October 23-25, 1986. Ninety representatives of academic radiology and industry from 23 nations discussed modern radiology from differing perspectives dependent on the political structure of their governments and the economic status of their peoples. Keynote addresses by leading health-care administrators from government, universities, industry, and hospitals provided insightful overviews of current health service, teaching, and research issues in the United States. Three recommendations were derived from the symposium: (1) more complete and objective documentation of the impact of new technologies on the cost and outcomes of health services is urgently needed, (2) technical specifications for imaging instruments need better definition in terms of the medical problems to which they are applied, and (3) radiologists and radiologic societies in industrialized countries should support more generously the local training in radiology in underdeveloped countries.

ABSTRACTA unique physics‐based whole ship design synthesis model for assessing the impact of new technologies and mission requirements on naval ship design is presented. This tool permits the cost and performance impact and implications of new technology to be properly understood by the mission analyst, the technologist, and the naval architect. The mission analyst can use the information provided by the design synthesis model as inputs to war‐gaming exercises or to help determine the preferred combination of affordable mission requirements. The technologist can use the model to determine whether the benefits of a specific technology warrant the required investment. The naval architect can use the tool to assess the overall impact of a new technology on the ship design. A discussion on how the model accommodates the competing requirements of speed versus accuracy and flexibility versus ease of use to satisfy the needs for all users is presented. Finally, the benefits of the model to each type of user are demonstrated by specific examples drawn from real applications.

Safety instrumented systems (SISs) play a crucial role in preventing major accidents in the petrochemical industry. This study investigates the impact of new technologies and artificial intelligence on SIS maintenance in the petrochemical industry, with particular attention to the mediating roles of safety, supervision and organizational support. Data were collected from 84 professionals involved in SIS maintenance in the Iranian petrochemical industry. A structured questionnaire was developed based on prior literature and expert validation, and the proposed research model was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). New technologies and artificial intelligence have a significant positive effect on SIS maintenance. Moreover, safety and supervision/support were found to play significant mediating roles. New technologies and artificial intelligence investments alone are insufficient; organizations must simultaneously reinforce safety management, supervision and support to fully realize the maintenance benefits of emerging technologies in high-risk industrial environments.

Global changes taking place in the economy under the influence of digitalization and automation are inevitable, and society needs to accept and take into account their positive and negative aspects. The research objective is to study the structure and specifics of the interaction between people and technology and the impact of new technologies on the work environment and process, highlighting the positive and negative aspects. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the work of domestic and foreign researchers devoted to issues of digitalization and automation in industry, opportunities and threats of the transition to Industry 5.0. Results. The main idea of the concept is human-centricity – people and artificial intelligence as a team. This will ensure sustainable and stable production, reducing costs in the future. The structure of this interaction between the two subsystems affects the productivity and efficiency of the entire system, as well as the health, motivation and satisfaction of employees and has a positive impact on future development. It is emphasized that collaboration between humans and machines is aimed at leveraging the unique strengths of each participant. Automation is not about replacing humans, but about expanding their capabilities. This is especially true for tasks that require creativity, critical thinking, and complex decision making – areas that require human intuition and ingenuity. The subject of the study of the Industry 5.0 concept was the new role of people in the production process. The human worker is more connected to information and less vulnerable to attack thanks to technology. The object of the study was digital technologies that help, first of all, to solve the main problem of labor shortages by transferring complex and tedious tasks to robots. This allows people to concentrate and develop more informed management decisions. Thanks to advanced analytics and artificial intelligence, manufacturers can understand the individual needs and preferences of customers. This data is then used to customize products during production, provi¬ding a level of personalization that was previously considered impractical at scale. Mass customization allows for a wider range of product types to be produced without huge amounts of waste and pollution because such customization can be done on the same production lines using reused materials and components. Conclusion. The article summarizes the advantages of Industry 5.0: reduced time and increased efficiency of processes, their visibility and transparency in real time, high customer satisfaction, better occupational safety and greater risk management capabilities, ergonomics and environmental sustainability. The biggest barriers to technology adoption are also highlighted: high investment costs, as well as integration and lack of qualified employees.

The (Un)Predictable Impact of Technology on Corporate Governance

The financial sector has undergone profound changes over the past twenty years, affecting the ways in which both individuals and organizations interact. The active introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics has significantly changed the approaches to the activities of financial institutions and their interaction with customers and other organizations. It is expected that these changes will continue to gain momentum due to the development of technologies that allow us to focus on innovation and solving complex problems. Every day, the financial industry records billions of events in the markets, which generates significant amounts of diverse data related to the Big Data category. AI algorithms and models that work with big data to analyze patterns and generate recommendations in areas such as portfolio strategies and fraud detection are becoming increasingly important in the financial sector. However, the level of their application and development differs significantly depending on the capabilities and competencies of different organizations. These differences, as well as the impact of new technologies on the financial sector, are becoming central topics of discussion among industry professionals. This article is devoted to the study of the use of AI and big data analytics in stock trading, as well as the analysis of the consequences of their use. The research examines current trends and practices that allow us to draw conclusions about the impact of these technologies on the strategies and decision-making processes of market participants.

This book impact of new technologies on distance learning students addresses a crucial dimension of educational provision: the expenditure on educational technology of the 27 Ministries of Education in the European Union and of Ministries of Education and Higher Education throughout the world, for their schools, colleges and universities. If it cannot be proved that there is an impact of technology on learning and if it cannon be proved that this impact is beneficial then this expenditure is without justification. As recently as 2005 the World Bank claimed ‘The positive impact of ICT use in education had not been proven. In general, and despite thousands of impact studies, the impact of ICT use on student achievement remains difficult to measure and open to much reasonable debate.' The book takes a different approach to other studies in the field in that it concentrates on the impact of technology on learning in adult education, lifelong learning and distance education. In this context it has a special focus on distance education. Much previous work in the field has focused on the impact of technology on learning by children in schools. The book has a matrix structure. One branch of the matrix is provided by studies of the five forms of distance education technologies used in the study: distance education systems electronic distance education (usually referred to as e-learning), synchronous e-learning the se of the World Wide Web on- campus and mobile learning. The other branch of the matrix is supplied by two studies of the impact of technology on learning by men and women and by younger and older learners. This book was published with the assistance of the European Commission through its Leonardo da Vinci programme.

Bayesian network model of aviation safety: Impact of new communication technologies on mid-air collisions

Technological innovation is changing virtually every aspect of business practices and operational procedures. The introduction of large language models and various types of intelligent processing, commonly referred to as artificial intelligence, presents significant change to cope with. In this paper, we suggest an estimation method, based on real options analysis (ROA), that improves the assessment and valuation of intelligent data processing’s impact on organizations. The presented approach can reflect direct and indirect effects from introducing artificial intelligence methods and is therefore better suited than traditional financial metrics for the assessment of contemporary intelligent tools and solutions. Using Monte Carlo simulation and American-style real options, we have estimated two sample use cases to compare the ROA results against other common valuation methods. Numerical experiments indicate that the suggested approach is capable of capturing both the direct and indirect impact of new technologies, which improves relevant financial and management decisions.

It is assumed that technological progress plays a vital role in energy efficiency improvements when the effects of industrial restructuring, infrastructure, environmental challenges, and economic shocks seem more dubious. However, a limited number of studies have been conducted to examine the impact of technological innovation on countries’ energy efficiency levels. This study aims to explore the relationship between energy efficiency, technological innovation, and economic growth in 30 European countries by utilizing data from 2012 to 2020. To this end, a two-stage analysis is carried out. The first step involves estimating the total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) by the countries to illustrate the effects of energy parameters on economic growth and the environment, and technological innovation (TI) to estimate the innovation capability of each country by using data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology. The second step includes a panel regression model to explore how technological innovation affects energy efficiency, considering the degree of government intervention, industrial structure, infrastructure, and economic openness.The results indicate that the bottom-15 countries, whose TFEE scores were the lowest, are mainly countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Regarding the countries’ technological capability, the results were similar, but the score was lower than the TFEE. Moreover, the regression analysis shows that a one percent increase in innovation activity contributes to an increase in energy efficiency by 0.27 percent. Hence, it confirms the notion of a positive impact of new technology on energy efficiency. AcknowledgmentsThe study is supported by the grant from the Research Based Innovation “SFI Marine Operation in Virtual Environment (SFI-MOVE)” (Project No. 237929) in Norway.