Abstract

Tourism activities in era globalization bring positive and negative impacts especially for the host countries destination. To minimize the negative impacts it is very important to always promote the sustainable development of tourism including from a human rights perspective. This paper will discuss concerning who have responsibility to promote a human rights related with sustainable development of tourism. To explore the topic in this article, Author will study both international human rights instruments and environmental convention as well as the soft law regarding the tourism sector such as the UN WTO Global Code Of Ethics. The Law No. 10 Year 2009 concerning Indonesia Tourism Law is also part of legal material studied in this paper. There are national, international legal instruments of the human rights as well as UNWTO Global Codes of Ethics which can be utilized to promote sustainable tourism through human rights perspective. It is considered that all stakeholders have responsibility to promote sustainable development of tourism.

Highlights

  • A discourse of the environment is not always associated with tourism, but there is no doubt that the discussion of tourism is always associated with the environment

  • Promoting sustainable tourism through human rights perspective is necessary for the benefit of all stakeholders for the present and the future generation

  • There are some legal instruments of the human rights such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the ICESCR, and the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights 1981 be utilized to promote sustainable tourism through human rights perspective

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Summary

Introduction

A discourse of the environment is not always associated with tourism, but there is no doubt that the discussion of tourism is always associated with the environment. The Global Codes of Ethics for Tourism Year 1999,17 Article 3, known as non legal binding instrument, has pointed out that “all the stakeholders in tourism development should safeguard the natural environment with a view to achieving sound, continuous and sustainable economic growth geared to satisfying equitably the needs and aspirations of present and future generations”. This Global Code is not a specific human rights instrument, its substance meets with human rights aspects, especially the right to respect the family and private life as in Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. As already mentioned above that the UN WTO Global Code of Ethics is not a human rights legal instrument, morally this code can be used as starting point to determine which parties haveto bear the duties? all stakeholders who are involved in the tourism sectors morally have duty-bears, for the right to clean environment as part of the third human rights generation is surrounded by grave uncertainties regarding the duty-bearers

Promoting health and a clean environment
Promoting the right to tourism and the right to work
The Corporate Social Responsibility
The Corporate Legal Liability
Findings
Conclusions
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