Abstract
Microalgae are increasingly being studied to replace fishmeal in aquafeed production. Low level Spirulina supplementation to various fish species has been widely investigated, demonstrating enhanced growth and better product quality. In order to evaluate the effects of a full fishmeal replacement with Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on growth and product quality in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), two isoenergetic diets were formulated and fed for ten weeks to 120 fish with an average initial weight of 50 ± 3 g. Full supplementation of Spirulina resulted in reduced growth (p < 0.001) whereas feed conversion ratio was on par (p > 0.05). Furthermore, Spirulina-fed fish showed a more intense yellow coloration in skin, and raw and cooked fillet (p < 0.001). The analysis of fatty acids revealed higher proportions of C16:0 (p < 0.001) and C18:2n6 (p < 0.05) in fish fed the Spirulina-diet while C24:0 (p < 0.01) and C20:5n3 (p < 0.001) were found to be higher in the control group. Even though no statistically significant differences in the overall SFA, MUFA and PUFA were detected, a slight increase of the n6/n3 ratio was observed in the Spirulina-fed fish. Without further optimization of the feed ration, a complete fishmeal replacement with Spirulina can lead to economic losses. It remains to be studied whether the observed changes in product quality affect consumer acceptance.
Highlights
Nowadays, the worldwide fish populations are endangered by various anthropogenic factors
Mortality was generally low during the ten-week trial, since only one fish died for unknown reasons in the SP100 group
No statistically significant difference was observed in feed conversion ratios (FCR) between both groups (p > 0.05), but within the last weeks of the feeding experiment, we observed an increase in FCR for both groups
Summary
The worldwide fish populations are endangered by various anthropogenic factors. Climate change threatens the overall biodiversity [1,2,3,4] and can have an effect on the worldwide fish populations [5,6,7]. Water pollution can be identified as another crucial factor, which has been largely investigated [8,9,10,11]. Fisheries lead to far-reaching changes in the ecosystem and endanger the world’s fish populations [13]. These observations underlie the urgent need to identify feasible alternatives to common fishmeal for the aquaculture sector
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