Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy and Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy for a 6095-g Myomatous Uterus in a Patient of the Jehovah's Witness Faith

Abstract

Study ObjectiveTo demonstrate techniques for addressing the unique challenges for a minimally invasive approach to hysterectomy presented by a massive myomatous uterus. DesignTechnical video of an operation demonstrating the methods used to perform hysterectomy in this setting, highlighting such aspects as port placement (Fig. 1), uterine manipulation (Fig. 2), exposure, and vascular control (Figs. 3 and 4) (Canadian Task Force classification III). SettingAcademic tertiary care hospital. InterventionA 49-year-old woman elected to proceed with laparoscopic hysterectomy after years of suffering from bleeding and bulk symptoms from a massively enlarged myomatous uterus. A computed tomography scan estimated uterine dimensions of 32 × 27 × 24 cm, for a volume of >7000 mL (Fig. 5). Her surgical history included a ventral herniorrhaphy with mesh, and her body mass index was 43 kg/m2. She was a Jehovah's Witness, and thus blood transfusion was not an acceptable option for her due to a religious prohibition. Intraoperatively, the uterus extended deep into the pararectal and paravesical spaces on the right, from the caudad below the cervix (Fig. 6) to superiorly near the liver edge (Fig. 7). Measurements and Main ResultsLaparoscopic hysterectomy was successfully completed (Table), and the patient was discharged on the day after surgery. Final pathology revealed a 6095-g uterus with benign leiomyomata. She presented 9 days after surgery with nausea and vomiting, suspicious for an incarcerated hernia at the tissue extraction site. Her symptoms were ultimately determined to be due to either ileus or small bowel obstruction, which likely could have been managed nonoperatively with bowel rest and fluids. She stayed an additional 2 days after readmission and was then discharged, with no further complications. ConclusionsThe size of the uterus was once considered a barrier to the use of laparoscopy for hysterectomy, but experience has shown that the benefits of minimally invasive surgery are particularly relevant for large myomas [1–4], given that a vaginal approach is not feasible and that other risks, such as wound complications and venous thromboembolism, would be greater with the large incision required to perform the procedure by laparotomy. This video uses a particularly challenging case to demonstrate a roadmap for addressing myomas in laparoscopic hysterectomy through exposure and vascular control. Although the presentation focused on the initial steps of the procedure and not on uterine extraction, this patient's readmission highlights potential complications associated with various methods of tissue removal for very large specimens.