Abstract
With meta-analysis we tented to reveal the potential relationship between daily fluid consumption and bladder cancer risk, and to find out a recommendation on daily fluid intake. Databases of the Web of Science, PubMed and EMBASE were searched then 21 case-control and 5 cohort studies were included. Stratified analyses on gender, region, time of subjects recruiting and fluid quantity were performed as well as dose-response meta-analysis. Comparing the highest exposure category with the lowest in each study, no association appeared when all data pooled together (p=0.50), but a significant OR of 1.46 (1.02-2.08, p=0.04) was found in male subgroup. For different regions, the summarized OR was 1.44 (1.10-1.89) in American case-control studies, 1.87 (1.20-2.90) in European male subgroup and 0.24 (0.10-0.60) in Asia. There was a significant relationship that each increment 1000ml daily consumption would increase the risk by 28.6% in European male (p=0.007). Similarly every additional 1000ml consumption may increase the OR by 14.9% in American people but the association wasn't that strong (p=0.057). Stratified analyses showed fluid consumption over 3000ml/day in American residents and 2000ml/day in European male resulted in OR>1 with statistical significance. In conclusion, a relationship between higher fluid intake and higher bladder cancer risk was observed in European male and American residents and a limitation to <2000ml and <3000ml per day are recommended respectively.
Highlights
Bladder cancer is known as one of the most common malignant tumors and the risk of bladder cancer is believed to be tightly associated with life style, fluid consumption included
In this review and meta-analysis of 26 studies with detailed stratified analyses, we showed that there was no unified association between total fluid consumption and the risk of bladder cancer for all people
High fluid intake would obviously increase the risk in European male and this relationship might lie in American residents but was relatively weak
Summary
Bladder cancer is known as one of the most common malignant tumors and the risk of bladder cancer is believed to be tightly associated with life style, fluid consumption included. Apart from these, a number of recent studies found no association between total fluid intake and bladder cancer morbidity existed To solve this controversy, a pooled analysis and a meta-analysis were conducted in 2006 and 2014 respectively [6, 7]. A pooled analysis and a meta-analysis were conducted in 2006 and 2014 respectively [6, 7] The former one suggested that high fluid intake may increase the risk of bladder cancer, while the latter one indicated that greater fluid consumption would reduce the bladder cancer incidence in smokers. We conducted more specific subgroup analyses, aiming to again assess the relationship between total fluid intake and bladder cancer risk and try to conclude recommended fluid intake volumes for different population
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