Abstract
The following method was used to apply the topology of the current study of evapotranspiration ETo, net irrigation demand, irrigation schedules, and total effective rain fall of different crop models: using the Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) CROPWAT 8.0 standard software and the CLIMWAT 2.0 tool and the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith approach to examine the variable topology of evapotranspiration ETo. Due to high temperatures in summer with an annual mean of 6.33 mm/day, the topological demonstration of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) increases from 2.84 mm/day in January to a maximum of 9.61 mm/day in July. Effective rainfall fluctuates from 0 mm to 53.4 mm. Total irrigation topological indices requirements were 308.3 mm/dec, 335.9 mm/dec, 343.6 mm/dec, 853 mm/dec, and 1479.6 mm/dec for barley, wheat, maize, rice, and citrus, respectively. The physical topological indices due to low demand in winter and high demand in summer, the total net irrigation, and gross irrigation for clay loamy soils for wheat (210.6 mm and 147.4 mm), barley (176.6 mm and 123.6 mm), citrus (204.5 mm and 143.2 mm), and maize (163.9 mm and 114.7 mm), but not for rice. This topology demonstrates that wheat has 4, barley has 4, citrus has 12, maize has 4, and rice crop has 12 irrigation schedules in a year.
Highlights
E following method was used to apply the topology of the current study of evapotranspiration ETo, net irrigation demand, irrigation schedules, and total effective rain fall of different crop models: using the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) CROPWAT 8.0 standard software and the CLIMWAT 2.0 tool and the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith approach to examine the variable topology of evapotranspiration ETo
Introduction e topology of agricultural technology development for wheat, rice, maize, citrus, and barley in Saudi Arabia faces enormous challenges, which are average of arid areas described with water shortage, low precipitation, and above average evapotranspiration requirement. e greatest source of irrigation water is acquired from groundwater. e farming segment expended more than 85% of water ingesting, which achieved more than 23 billion m3 in 2012; see [1]
CROPWAT and CLIMWAT softwares are used by many researchers for the estimation of Crop Water Requirement (CWR), and irrigation pattern and preparation. ese tools were built by the “Food and Agriculture Organization” (FAO) for assisting researchers in water irrigation investigations and irrigation sustainability [7,8,9,10,11]
Summary
Waseem Asghar Khan ,1 Jamshaid Ul Rahman, Mogtaba Mohammed, Ziyad Ali AlHussain, and Murtada K. Total irrigation topological indices requirements were 308.3 mm/dec, 335.9 mm/dec, 343.6 mm/dec, 853 mm/dec, and 1479.6 mm/dec for barley, wheat, maize, rice, and citrus, respectively. Is topology demonstrates that wheat has 4, barley has 4, citrus has 12, maize has 4, and rice crop has 12 irrigation schedules in a year. 1. Introduction e topology of agricultural technology development for wheat, rice, maize, citrus, and barley in Saudi Arabia faces enormous challenges, which are average of arid areas described with water shortage, low precipitation, and above average evapotranspiration requirement. The IWR and irrigation scheduling of rice, maize, citrus, barley, and wheat in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, were investigated using the CLIMWAT and CROPWAT models
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