Abstract
The study of non-equilibrium properties in topological systems is of practical and fundamental importance. Here, we analyze the stationary properties of a two-dimensional bosonic Hofstadter lattice coupled to two thermal baths in the quantum open-system formalism. Novel phenomena appear like chiral edge heat currents that are the out-of-equilibrium counterparts of the zero-temperature edge currents. They support a new concept of dissipative symmetry-protection, where a set of discrete symmetries protects topological heat currents, differing from the symmetry-protection devised in closed systems and zero-temperature. Remarkably, one of these currents flows opposite to the decreasing external temperature gradient. As the starting point, we consider the case of a single external reservoir already showing prominent results like thermal erasure effects and topological thermal currents. Our results are experimentally accessible with platforms like photonics systems and optical lattices.
Highlights
One of the most active areas in topological insulators is their quantum simulation with the goal of realizing novel physical properties that are otherwise very difficult to realize in a standard condensed matter system[5,6,7]
(ii) Topological Thermal Currents (TTC): The edge currents driven in the system by the presence of a single thermal bath are topologically protected against disorder
∑ V = − J ax†+1,yax,ye−2παiy + ax†,y+1ax,y + h.c. This is the bosonic version of the Hofstadter model for the integer quantum Hall effect[23]. This bosonic Hofstadter Hamiltonian has been obtained in controlled systems like ultracold gases in optical lattices subject to laser induced tunneling[13,14,15], and photonic circuits arranging differential optical paths[11]
Summary
One of the most active areas in topological insulators is their quantum simulation with the goal of realizing novel physical properties that are otherwise very difficult to realize in a standard condensed matter system[5,6,7] Among these quantum simulators, bosonic systems such as ultracold atoms in optical lattices or photonic chips, stand up as versatile and promising experimental platforms that have achieved enormous progress and points towards near-future technological applications[8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. (ii) Topological Thermal Currents (TTC): The edge currents driven in the system by the presence of a single thermal bath are topologically protected against disorder
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