Abstract
The surface topography of synthetic biomaterials plays important roles in material-driven osteogenesis. The data presented herein have shown that the surface topography of calcium phosphate ceramics regulates mesenchymal stromal cells (e.g., human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, hBMSCs) with respect to morphology, primary cilia structure and TGFβR recruitment to the cilium associated with osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Together with bone formation in vivo, our results suggested a new type of biomaterial-based ciliotherapy for orthopedic, dental and maxillofacial surgery by the bioengineering control of osteogenesis via primary cilia modulation.
Highlights
Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics are widely used in orthopedic, dental and maxillofacial surgery as bone substitutes because of their chemical homology to native bone mineral, excellent biocompatibility and the ability to support osteogenesis on their surface [1,2,3]
XRD analysis revealed that the two tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics had the same chemistry of b-TCP (Fig. 1B)
TCP with different sizes of surface microstructure was prepared shown by SEM; TCP-B contained larger grains and micropore size than those of TCP-S leading to differences in surface topography (Fig. 1C, D)
Summary
Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics are widely used in orthopedic, dental and maxillofacial surgery as bone substitutes because of their chemical homology to native bone mineral, excellent biocompatibility and the ability to support osteogenesis on their surface (i.e. osteoconductivity) [1,2,3]. The most common approach to make CaP ceramics osteoinductive is to combine them with growth factors (e.g. bone morphogenetic proteins, BMPs) [6]. A subclass of CaP ceramics has been engineered to impart osteoinductivity without adding any osteogenic component, but only by tailoring their physico-chemical properties [8]. It has recently been shown that when two tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics, having the same chemistry and microporosity were intramuscularly implanted, the one presenting submicronscaled pores (0.65 ± 0.25 mm, TCP-S) induced ectopic bone formation while the other with micro-scaled pores (1.58 ± 0.65 mm, TCP-B) did not [12,13]. The present study aimed to further examine the influence of surface topography on osteogenesis
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