Abstract
Abstract The concept of linear mountain waves is generally equated with steady-state stationary waves. This essentially means that the absolute horizontal phase velocity of mountain waves is zero and that their momentum flux profile is independent of height and time in the absence of dissipation and zero-level wind. This paper investigates the generation of linear unsteady mountain gravity waves. The incident flow is transient, starting from zero at a given time and returning to zero after a finite time. The topography is a single horizontal harmonic. The unsteadiness of the waves is due partly to the temporal change of their phase velocity, which takes place during their propagation in the time-dependent mean flow. When the wind ceases, most of the waves present have a phase velocity nearly opposite to the maximum wind. For this reason, mountain waves can propagate through levels of zero mean wind. The transient structure of the wave field also comes from the temporal change of the amplitude of the groun...
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