Abstract
An oxygen top-blowing, nitrogen bottom-stirring process to convert semiblister (i.e., sulfur-saturated, nickel-contaminated copper), to low-sulfur and low-nickel blister has been developed by Inco. This process is complemented by a technique, also newly developed, for washing out residual nickel-copper oxide mush from the converter after casting the blister copper. Following laboratory and pilot-plant testing, this technology graduated to the smelter floor where it is now a key component of the new Copper Cliff Smelter flow sheet. Existing Peirce-Smith converters have been adapted to practice the new process. The modified vessels are equipped with porous plugs, the first application of this type of refractory in copper smelting.
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