Abstract
IntroductionMental retardation (RM) is defined as by a deficient intellectual capacity as well as by alterations of the adaptive capacity that are externalized in two or more functional areas (Personal autonomy, Communication, Orientation in the environment, Work and Free time).ObjectivesPresent a patient with a severe behavioural disturbance with an associated intellectual deficit, who remained hospitalized for 2 months and after observing an oral alteration her symptoms improved.MethodsA descriptive study of a clinical caseResults54-year-old woman, single. You have a moderate intellectual disability. In January 2019, she began mental health consultations with a diagnosis of adjustment disorder, on treatment with aripiprazole 5 mg/day, mirtazapine 15 mg/day, lorazepam 0.5 mg/day and dipotassium clorazepate 10 mg/day. Went to the emergency room with mutism, hyporesponsiveness and refuse to intake, having lost 25 kg in 6 months. Abdominal and thoracic CT and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy without significant findings. Consultation with otorhinolaryngology, dermatology, traumatology without significant findings. Odontostomatology consultation: Deep cavities are observed, so it is necessary to carry out extractions of the pieces in poor condition. After this intervention, the patient returns to accept oral intake.ConclusionsPeople with intellectual disabilities have a wide range of medical problems that in many cases are directly associated with the underlying disease or syndrome and, in others, with poor physical health due to problems in basic self-care skills or the ability to express verbally. Usually, the first manifestation of pain is an alteration in behaviour, which must be taken into account when making a differential diagnosis.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Highlights
Preeclampsia is a new-onset hypertension with newonset proteinuria after 20 weeks gestation
Patient referred to a third-level hospital for cesarean section due to a severe preeclampsia at week 32, in whom magnesium sulfate, labetalol perfusion and betamethasone are started
Due to the appearance of pulsating headache and photophobia, a computerized tomography is conducted, showing bilateral insular and occipital hypodensity related to vasogenic edema
Summary
Health-related behavior correlates in critical ways with the current epidemic of chronic diseases. Modifiable behaviors increase the risk of chronic disease. Despite there are well-identified behaviors, efforts at behavior change are clinically-challenging and frequently ineffective. Objectives: We aim to establish how the current evidence and latest neuroscientific knowledge about behavioral change allow the most reliable assessment of patients with refractory health-related behaviors that negatively impact health outcomes. Methods: We performed a literature review using Pubmed databases and UpToDate. The search included “behavioral change” and “health-related behavioral change”[MeSH Terms]. Results: Habitual behavior consists of behavioral patterns operating below conscious awareness and acquired through contextdependent repetition.
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