Abstract
Objectives:To compare tooth size between subjects with mild, moderate and severe hypodontia and a control group.Material and Methods:The study comprised 120 patients with hypodontia divided into three groups of 40 mild (≤2 teeth congenitally missing), 40 moderate (3-5 teeth congenitally missing) and 40 severe (≥6 teeth congenitally missing) hypodontia; and 40 age and sex matched controls. Tooth size was recorded by measuring the mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of all fully erupted teeth on study models using digital callipers and compared between all hypodontia and control groups using Two-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tests of subgroup comparison.Results:Two-way ANOVA revealed patients with hypodontia had significantly smaller mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth dimensions compared with controls (p<0.05). Furthermore patients with more severe hypodontia demonstrated significantly smaller tooth dimensions than those in the mild and moderate hypodontia subgroups (p<0.05). The most affected tooth in terms of tooth size reduction was the maxillary lateral incisor and the least affected tooth was the mandibular first molar.Conclusion:Patients with hypodontia have smaller tooth dimensions than control. Tooth size appears to be affected by the degree of hypodontia, with severe hypodontia having a greater effect on tooth size reduction. The findings of this study may contribute to understanding the aetiology of hypodontia and aid the multidisciplinary management of this complex condition.
Highlights
Hypodontia is defined as the congenital absence of one or more of the primary or permanent teeth
The study sample consisted of 120 patients with hypodontia divided into three groups of 40 mild (≤2 teeth congenitally missing excluding third molars), 40 moderate (3-5 teeth congenitally missing excluding third molars) and 40 severe (≥6 teeth congenitally missing excluding third molars) hypodontia; and 40 age and sex matched controls, but with a full complement of the permanent dentition
The current study has shown, generally, there were no statistically significant differences in the MD and BL tooth size dimensions between males and females
Summary
Hypodontia is defined as the congenital absence of one or more of the primary or permanent teeth. It is one of the most common dental anomalies [1 - 6] with an overall prevalence of 6.4% [7]. The most common one includes: mild with 1 to 2 teeth congenitally missing, moderate with 3 to 5 teeth congenitally missing and severe with 6 teeth or more congenitally missing [17, 21]. The latter type is sometimes called oligodontia [5, 7, 22]. The exact aetiology of hypodontia is not yet well known, but both genetic and environmental factors have been shown to play significant roles [24 - 41]
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