Abstract
Sarcoptic mange is one of the most economically important diseases in goats in Indonesia, and increasing number of cases of treatment failure is being reported because of drug resistance. Nowadays, it is considered as an emerging/re-emerging parasitic disease that threatens human and animal health globally. Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) is a receptor which plays role in innate immunity due to microbial infection. TLR-5 is a receptor that can recognize ligand produced by bacterial component, and TLR-7 is involved in the recognition of ligand that similar to ssRNA virus. This research aims are to detect Sarcoptes scabiei antigenic protein which can induce cellular immune response in rabbit as adaptive immunity with TLR-5 and TLR-7 as marker.This research was performed in several stages: isolation and identification S. scabiei from scabies infected goats; extraction of soluble protein S.scabiei mite, the rabbit immunization by inoculating protein antigen S. scabiei with dosage of 500µg, repeated five times as booster in two weeks, the examination of TLR-5 and TLR-7 expression using direct immunofluorescence technique. The result of cellular immune response is shown by TLR-5 and TLR-7 expression in rabbit T limphocytes which appear yellow to green fluorescence color using fluorescence microscope. The amount of fluoresnce T lymphocytes showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between control and various boosters, and significantly increased in 3rd booster or 42 days post immunization. The conclusion showed protein from S. scabiei mites taken from goat contains ligands, acting as receptors which involve in pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that can induce adaptive immunity and recognized by TLR-5 and TLR-7. It shows that TLR is not only involved in innate immunity but also in adaptive immunity, and can be used as alternative adjuvant development. Keywords: Sarcoptes scabiei, TLR- 5, TLR-7, goats, rabbits.
Highlights
Scabies is an endemic disease, but occasionally outbreaks can be occurred and attacks most of cattle
Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) is known to be a recognition receptor which involves in pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) recognized by pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) and a phagocytes development system in recognizing pathogen which can be stimulated any time to respond as inflammatory system
Cellular immune response is shown by the expression of TLR-5 and TLR-7 in rabbit T cells which is marked by the yellow to green fluorescence colour after rabbit immunization up to 5 times booster (Figure 1 and 2)
Summary
Scabies is an endemic disease, but occasionally outbreaks can be occurred and attacks most of cattle. Caprae protein with molecular weight of 57.3 kDa was the specific antigenic protein that had high level of sensitivity and specificity, it can induce antibody both humoral and cellular [4]. It is considered as an emerging/re-emerging parasitic disease that threatens human and animal healthy globally [5]. It has been known that TLR in lymphocytes act as essential signal to regulate lymphocytes activation and proliferation, produce antibody and regulate antigen presentation [6,7, 8]. The latest research result showed that TLR signal is capable as determiner in naive T cells toward the Th1 and Th2 response [9,10]
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