Abstract
To evaluate today’s challenges to peace and security it is appropriate to take a long-term perspective. A look at the trends in armed conflicts is a starting-point. Data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Project (UCDP) help us in this regard. The assessment also requires a study of the relationships between the actors most responsible for keeping international peace and security, the major powers, again observing pertinent trends. This will be approached in terms of particularistic and universalistic relations. Finally, it needs a discussion on possible alternatives in order to keep a focus on a world of peace and security that is beneficial for the entire international system and, in that sense, for the planet as a whole. This chapter is devoted to these three tasks.
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