TODAY'S CONSUMERS ON THE MARKET IN CSÍKSZEREDA (MIERCUREA CIUC)

The article presents data on the specifics of production and processing of agricultural raw materials in a radioactively contaminated area. It is shown that in the remote period of development of the radio ecological situation after the Chernobyl accident, the total radiation dose of the population (95%) is still formed due to the consumption of crops in polluted territories. For this reason, in addition to economic feasibility, the technical specification for the production and processing of agricultural raw materials should clearly define environmental aspects, which include reducing the individual effective dose of radiation to the population by ensuring guaranteed radio ecological safety of agricultural products and raw materials, and collective - by reducing the consumption of radionuclide from the crop. Deep processing of agricultural raw materials is the most effective in the conditions of radioactively contaminated territory.

To restore the economy of Ukraine it is necessary to develop agricultural production on an intensive basis, which will ensure food security of the country, as well as to realize the competitive advantages of the country on world food markets. It is determined that integration is aimed at ensuring the continuous functioning of all types of reproductive technological chain (production of raw materials, storage, processing and sales of released products to consumers). The principles of formation of integration system of production and processing of agricultural products to implement the tasks of its modern development were determined. It is proved that a promising direction to improve the efficiency of production and processing of raw materials is the creation of an agricultural financial group (AIFG), which includes several associations of enterprises, as well as an insurance company and operating bank, which will be independent participants of AIFG. During the formation of the agroindustrial financial group, a possible cash flow between its members was suggested.

Local population represents one of the most important interest groups in tourism development. Attitudes, as well as the local population involvement in a certain area, largely predetermine the development of tourism. The aim of the paper is to perceive the attitudes of local population about the impact of tourism on the economic development of rural areas in the Republic of Serbia, because it has been proven in previous research that it can have a significant impact on the development of this strategically important activity. The paper also examines the influence of demographic characteristics on the attitudes of the local population about the impact of tourism on the economic development of rural areas of the Republic of Serbia. The research sample included 340 respondents, who live in rural areas of the Republic of Serbia. Descriptive statistical analysis, independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to process the collected data. The research results suggest that the impact of tourism on income, the creation of new business opportunities and the increase in demand for local products are rated as the most important by the rural population of the Republic of Serbia. It was also determined that of all other demographic characteristics, education partially affects the differences that exist in the attitudes of the local population regarding the impact of tourism on the economic development of rural areas of the Republic of Serbia. The differences shown are related to the tourism impact on increasing the number of jobs, incomes, demand for local products and on the rural economy diversification. The obtained results can contribute to the defining of the tourism development strategy for the rural areas of the Republic of Serbia with the aim of improving the quality of life of the local community and diversifying the rural economy with the development of this activity.

The article considers the prospects for the development of the raw material base for the commodity production of hop raw materials. The trends in the development of the hop-growing industry in the Chuvash Republic are presented and analyzed. The problems of commodity producers and processors of hop raw materials in the current conditions of agribusiness development are formulated. The obtained results prove that the innovative development of the industry involves not only the use of resource-saving technologies in the production and processing of hop raw materials, but also the production of hop raw materials of various marketability.

The growth of country area, as a priority task of regional policy, is inextricably linked with the branches of agriculture, designed to provide raw materials for the processing industry, and, ultimately, with high-quality food for the population. Stimulating investments in the growth of promise area of the agro-industrial complex will satisfy the demand for agricultural products at affordable prices. State investments in the modernization of transport infrastructure and increasing the degree of its accessibility for all producers of the agro-industrial complex will also help reduce poverty, and, accordingly, optimize the physical and economic accessibility of food. In the gross agricultural product of the Siberian Federal District, a quarter is accounted for by the products of the Altai Territory. In the system of market economy, a special place is given to food markets, which in general form represent a set of commodity-money relations between all economic entities directly or indirectly involved in the production, processing, storage, transportation and sale of agricultural products, raw materials and food as at the expense of domestic producers and imports. The agri-food market, in turn, is the basic element of the food market The development of organic farming at an accelerated pace is a modern trend in the earth market However, the significant geographic differentiation of the availability of organic land significantly affects the production of organic products.

Scientific and technical issues related to the extraction and processing of raw materials are inextricably linked with environmental concerns. The extraction, transportation and processing of raw materials and the creation of new products place a heavy burden on the environment. Therefore, the development of new technologies for the extraction and processing of raw materials which meet the demand for specific products while respecting environmental resources and saving energy can be considered one of the key challenges of modern science. The development of methods to optimize the course of certain processes related to the raw materials industry, limiting its impact on the environment, and the use of modern measurement techniques or modeling are key areas of research and development for the economy. The aim of this Special Issue was to identify certain important issues, including those related to the raw materials industry and the optimization of its processes, obtaining energy from alternative fuels and research on environmental aspects of industrial activities. The results of the research and analyses presented in the articles show that meeting the objectives in the context of sustainable raw materials industry requires: the optimization of the use of mine deposits and the recovery of materials, reductions in energy consumption, minimizations in emissions of pollutants, the perfection of quieter and safer processes and the facilitation of the recovery of materials-, water- and energy-related modern techniques and technologies.

Given the general trend of energy consumption, which leads to an increase in the amount of energy consumed worldwide, the cost of this energy is constantly increasing and its deficit is growing. Therefore, it is important to solve the problem of creating and large-scale implementation of modern energy-efficient heat technologies that reduce energy. This is especially true for providing the population to food, as an additional complication is that the production and processing of agricultural raw materials occurs in conditions of increased consumption of gas and other energy sources with low coefficient of performance and high losses of raw materials during processing. Food and nutrition play a leading role in everyone's life, no matter how we treat it. Nutrition is a key moment in the life of every living organism. Functional foods have evolved as a separate category and are not always considered as dietary supplements. Functional food products (FFP) are the products influencing a functional condition of an organism for the purpose of its increase - resistance, working capacity, prolongation of life. Although the definitions of functional products are different, they are basically ordinary foods and beverages, but enriched with a functional component - a nutrient that plays a special physiological role in the body, has a positive effect on human health. The purpose of the paper is a theoretical and experimental substantiation of complex and efficient processing of vegetable raw materials, creation of energy-efficient heat technology of agricultural raw materials processing in order to obtain functional products with maximum preservation of biologically active substances. In this work, 4 groups of functional foods were studied (according to the classification of the main plant functional ingredients of Doctor of Technical Sciences Petrova Zh.O.) - these are antioxidants, phytoestrogens, folates, prebiotics. An important point is to increase energy efficiency with maximum preservation of functional ingredients of raw materials. Preliminary preparation of raw materials for drying was developed and researched, optimal dehydration regime parameters were selected, which allow to reduce energy consumption for the process and to keep BAS for each group of functional raw materials at a high level. Since the increase in energy costs for drying is associated with the difficulty of removing moisture from plant material, it was important to investigate changes in the specific heat of evaporation of water from functional compositions. The conducted experimental researches confirmed the theoretical assumption of dependence of specific heat of evaporation of water from parenchymal fabrics of plants on composite components of raw materials. The obtained results allow to state that at correctly picked up compositions they not only stabilize components of native raw materials, but also there is an intensification of drying process with reduction of energy consumption on process. The duration of the drying process of functional raw materials on the experimental convective stand was calculated by the method of Krasnikov V.V. The estimated drying durations of functional raw materials and drying rates are determined. The kinetics of heat exchange was studied with the determination of the specific heat flux density and the Rebinder number, which proves the efficiency of the introduction of step drying regimes.

The biotesting method was used to assess the individual and combined effects of waste from the production of phosphate raw materials at the designed chemical complex of the EuroChem-Karatau company (Republic of Kazakhstan). The goal of the study was to determine the hazard class of waste from the production of phosphate raw materials using biotesting method. Experimental study was carried out on test organisms: Daphnia magna Straus freshwater planktonic crustaceans. It has been established that Daphnia magna is sensitive to waste from the processing of phosphate raw materials, and the samples under study belong to practically non-hazardous and low-hazard waste with the possibility of processing for the purpose of their further use. On hydrobionts, water extracts without dilution from a mixture of waste module CCP + cake module 1A (1:1), cake module 1A and synthetic gypsum did not have an inhibitory effect. An ecological and toxicological study confirmed that the studied samples belong to the fifth class of environmental hazard (virtually non-hazardous). For the aqueous extract from the waste of the CCP module without its dilution, inhibition of the viability of aquatic organisms was revealed. The death of Daphnia may be associated with waste components that cause blockage of the respiratory tract with dispersed particles. It was revealed that with increasing dilution, the mortality rate of Daphnia decreases; the 10-times dilution ratio had no effect on hydrobionts.

The article explores the peculiarities of production agricultural raw materials for baby food in Ukraine as an object of legal regulation. The author emphasizes that the production of agricultural raw materials for baby food is a type of production and economic activity. The production of agricultural raw materials for baby nutrition is characterized by main features of production and economic activity. Such type of production and economic activity is a set of social relations governed by agrarian, economic, civil, land, environmental law. The production of agricultural raw materials for baby nutrition arise in a specific field of social activity related to the process of production, processing and sale of agricultural products. Agrarian producers carry out such type of production for commercial purposes. The production of agricultural raw materials for baby nutrition has its own specific features, which distinguishes it among other types of agricultural production. Such production is one of the guarantees of food security of Ukraine. To achieve food security of Ukraine the agrarian producers must provide adequate production of agricultural raw materials for baby food. Infants and young children are specific consumers of such production. The author highlights that baby nutrition must offset daily energy expenditure of the body's normal functioning and adequate development. Special requirements for the production of agricultural raw materials for baby food are laid down in the provisions of Art. 8 of the Law of Ukraine "On Baby Nutrition". Agricultural raw materials for baby nutrition are produced mainly in special raw materials areas. Features of special raw material zones are determined by the Procedure for granting the status of special raw material production zone used for the production of baby and diet food. The author outlines the main advantages of organic products over inorganic ones. The article provides the analysis of analysis of requirements for the producer of agricultural raw materials for baby food. The author concludes that the production of agricultural raw materials combines the features of plant and animal husbandry. To the result, the article defines production of agricultural raw materials for the baby nutrition through the prism of its basic and special features.

The article discusses the features of development and promising directions in the economy of the agro-industrial complex. Currently, the agro-industrial complex (AIC) is a combination of several branches of the national economic system, which are aimed at production or processing of raw materials of agricultural origin, as well as obtaining of various types of products from it. The noted set of segments of the economy includes: agriculture itself, represented in a wide variety of industries that provide processing of raw materials, supply farmers with equipment, necessary fertilizers and other resources of industrial origin, as well as transport and logistics enterprises responsible for supplying agricultural products to consumers. The indicators of the effective use of state support for the economy of the agro-industrial complex, as well as ensuring the profitability of all branches of agricultural production, have been studied.

The model of raw providing the processing enterprises entering into vertically integrated structure on production and processing of dairy raw materials, differing by an orientation on achievement of cumulative effect by the integrated structure acting as criterion function which maximizing is reached by optimization of capacities, volumes of deliveries of raw materials and its qualitative characteristics, costs of industrial processing of raw materials and demand for dairy production is developed.

Introduction. In recent years, the use of rare earth elements has been expanding in various innovative research and high-tech industries, which leads to an increase in the volume of their extraction and processing and makes it possible to develop a negative impact on the health of workers under conditions of long-term industrial exposure to rare earth elements with the air of the working area.
 The purpose of the work is to study and evaluate the deviations of the biochemical parameters of the lipid spectrum in workers, due to the chemical factors of the technological process of processing raw materials and production of rare metal products.
 Materials and methods. The study and evaluation of the content of rare earth elements in the blood of workers, the study of biochemical parameters, statistical analysis, modelling of cause-and-effect relationships were carried out.
 Results. Workers exposed to rare-earth elements with the air of the working area (100% of workplaces) showed increased concentrations of holmium, dysprosium, yttrium, neodymium, niobium and terbium in the blood from 1.5 to 2.5 times compared to similar indicators in workers who were not associated with technological process. Elevated levels of total cholesterol, VLDL and triglycerides in blood serum, a decrease in the total antioxidant activity of blood plasma in workers relative to the physiological norm and similar indicators in the comparison group were established. A significant relationship of the identified deviations with an increased blood concentration of niobium, dysprosium and holmium has been proven.
 Limitations. The study took into account the aerogenic inhalation effect of rare earth elements on the health of workers involved in the processing of raw materials and production of rare metal products. 
 Conclusion. Long-term inhalation exposure to rare earth elements contained in the air of the working area caused changes in biochemical parameters, reflecting the depletion of antioxidant defense resources, inducing disorders of lipid metabolism. The identified negative effects in workers can lead to pro-atherogenic vascular inflammation under conditions of continuing industrial exposure. The obtained results should be taken into account for the development of recommendations aimed at minimizing the negative consequences of the impact of the studied chemical factors of the labour process on the health of workers.

Modern society today is reconsidering its development strategy in the light of changing environmental conditions. The global climatic changes observed over the last 30-40 years require not just a careful attitude toward nature and resources, but a comprehensive review of the technologies of production and processing of raw materials and resources. The consumer strategy that has dominated society for the past 2-3 centuries must be completely transformed into a new philosophy of sustainable development of economic systems and growth of food supply for the growing world population. Deteriorating production conditions and resource depletion will not allow a growing humanity to develop at the same speed without a sustainable food base. Therefore, the task of increasing food security becomes a priority in the strategy for the development of the national economy.

Topicality. The dairy market is a socially oriented market that provides the population of Ukraine with high-quality and safe food products and, together with other agro-industrial markets, forms the foundation for achieving optimal levels of food security. The resilience of the functioning of the relevant market is ensured by the balanced interaction, restoration and adaptation of all its sectors (raw materials, processing, distribution-marketing and consumer) to challenges and threats. The important role played by the dairy market in ensuring the resilience of other food markets and the national economy in the war-post-war period requires the justification of the system of organizational and economic measures to achieve the resilience of the functioning of market sectors. The relevance and applied significance of the research is determined by its compliance with the objectives of the "Meat and dairy independence" and "Food export factory" projects of the Recovery Plan of Ukraine. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine the trends and organizational and economic ensuring resilience of functioning of the Ukrainian market dairy products in the context of food security in the war and post-war period. The task of the research: to analyze the changes in the basic indicators of the raw and processing sectors of the market in the context of its resilience in peacetime and wartime; to determine trends in the consumption of dairy products by the population of Ukraine; to establish the trends of foreign trade and the impact of war on the resilience of the functioning of the market according to a number of parameters; to justify a complex of related organizational and economic measures to ensure the resilient functioning of market sectors in conditions of security threats. Materials and Methods. Results of theoretical generalization of scientific and applied works in the direction of diagnosis and organizational and economic support of the dairy market of Ukraine, official information data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the State Customs Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine, the Union of Dairy Enterprises of Ukraine form the informational and methodical basis of the research. The following methods were used to solve the tasks: generalization, structural-dynamic and comparative analysis, synthesis and grouping, statistical. Research results. The study carried out a comprehensive analysis of the functioning of sectors of the dairy market in the context of its resilience in war conditions. The changes in the market processes of reproduction under the influence of security threats and the peculiarities of the adaptation of various market sectors to the realities of wartime are determined. The main economic parameters of the market are considered - production and processing of raw materials, production and sale of dairy products, their consumption, foreign trade. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of structural changes in the processes of reproduction of various market sectors and export-import supplies of various types of dairy products during the war period. The impact of military operations on the resilience of the functioning of the relevant market in terms of the parameters of structure, production, prices, security, and foreign trade is substantiated. It was established that the market showed sufficient resilience and adapted to the state of war by increasing the export of products (by 17.6% in 2022 compared to 2021) in the conditions of a decrease in production and import volumes (by 23.8% and 45.6% ) due to a reduction in domestic demand. Attention is focused on the unsatisfactory level of consumption of dairy products by the population of Ukraine (about 53% of the rational norm). It is emphasized that the problem of economic availability and safety of dairy products due to the activation of "shadow" segments of the market deepened during the war. A significant level of import dependence of the market for the product group "Cheese" has been established. The basis of the organizational and economic provision of the resilience of the functioning of the dairy market is a comprehensive approach covering all market sectors in order to achieve a balanced development of them in a single system in the context of food security and sustainable satisfaction of consumer demand in terms of quantity, quality and price. Taking into account the results of the analysis, a set of organizational and economic measures was developed to ensure the resilient functioning of the market sectors during the war and the first post-war periods. Institutional changes are proposed to ensure the implementation of a set of measures. Conclusion. The scientific novelty of the conducted research consists in determining, based on the results of the analysis, the main trends in the functioning of the sectors of the dairy products market in the context of their resistance to security threats, the development of organizational and economic support for the resilience of the functioning of the dairy products market on the basis of complex and adaptive approaches, as a scientific and analytical basis for justification program and strategic documents for the development of this market in the war and post-war economy of Ukraine. Prospects for further research are to expand the range of measures depending on new challenges and trends in the development of domestic and global dairy markets, changes in the strategic tasks of the development of sectors of the national economy in conditions of security threats.

The article discusses the issues of quality, food and biological safety of semi-finished meat products and their compliance with regulatory requirements. The importance of nutrition in the 21st century is important for adults, children and school-age adolescents. Not only healthy and high-quality, but also rational nutrition according to the physiological needs of the body is provided. Based on the HACCP system, the environmental efficiency of meat products is considered, which, in accordance with the new trend, is becoming one of the new directions of food production offered by nutritionists. The optimal parameters of quality and ecological efficiency of semi-finished meat products are analyzed, which are distinguished by the fact that they do not create difficulties in terms of production and processing of raw materials. The quality of products causing a feeling of satiety in adults, students and adolescents requiring mental work, up to the main diet due to the high quality and nutritional properties of semi-finished meat products is analyzed. The quality, food and biological value, ecological efficiency of semi-finished meat products indicate that problems arising from protein deficiency and the formation of a balance in a complete diet can be solved by producing biologically active additives and using dietary fiber for their daily consumption. The studies were conducted in accordance with the requirements of the state standard for determining the organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological, toxicological indicators of semi-finished meat products.