Abstract
Edible oils are the major natural dietary sources of tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively known as tocols. Plant foods with low lipid content usually have negligible quantities of tocols. However, seeds and other plant food processing by-products may serve as alternative sources of edible oils with considerable contents of tocopherols and tocotrienols. Tocopherols are among the most important lipid-soluble antioxidants in food as well as in human and animal tissues. Tocopherols are found in lipid-rich regions of cells (e.g., mitochondrial membranes), fat depots, and lipoproteins such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Their health benefits may also be explained by regulation of gene expression, signal transduction, and modulation of cell functions. Potential health benefits of tocols include prevention of certain types of cancer, heart disease, and other chronic ailments. Although deficiencies of tocopherol are uncommon, a continuous intake from common and novel dietary sources of tocopherols and tocotrienols is advantageous. Thus, this contribution will focus on the relevant literature on common and emerging edible oils as a source of tocols. Potential application and health effects as well as the impact of new cultivars as sources of edible oils and their processing discards are presented. Future trends and drawbacks are also briefly covered.
Highlights
Edible oils are mainly composed of fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerols, which generate energy for the human body upon metabolism
It seems clear that the food industry has been focusing on the development of edible oils with a higher oleic-to-linoleic ratio because this increases their stability of the oil against oxidative processes, and this has been discussed for different feedstocks, including palm [49], soybean [50], canola [51], sunflower [51], and peanuts [52,53,54], among others
The antioxidant potential of tocopherols and tocotrienols against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage is well established; in this contribution, we focused on relevant literature and the potential prevention mechanisms of diabetes through the consumption of dietary sources of tocols
Summary
Edible oils are mainly composed of fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerols, which generate energy for the human body upon metabolism. TThhee ccoonntteennttss ooff ttooccoopphheerroollss aanndd ttooccoottrriieennoollss iinn ssoommee ccoommmmoonn eeddiibbllee ooiillss aarree ggiivveenn iinn TTaabbllee 11. The content of gamma-tocopherol in soybean oil has been reported to be seven times higher than that of alpha-tocopherol, which is the most common form of this phenolic compound [21]. The study of Shin et al [4] provided the content of the four homologues in the lipid fraction of 151 samples of US grown Runner peanuts from two crop years provided by ten cultivars (normal-, mid-, and high-oleic) According to their data, the total tocopherol content was not different among normal, mid-, and high-oleic cultivars, but the content of alpha-tocopherol did vary among Runner cultivars classified by their oleic acid content. Runner peanuts from Brazil [5] had higher contents of gamma-tocopherol, which was followed by alpha-, delta-, and beta-tocopherols, suggesting the role of climatic and stress conditions as well as the soil quality on the distribution of tocopherol homologues
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
