To Care is Not to Punish: Rethinking Trauma Among Incarcerated Women

Several factors may place people with mental health disorders, including substance use disorders, at increased risk of experiencing homelessness and experiencing homelessness may also increase the risk of developing mental health disorders. Meta-analyses examining the prevalence of mental health disorders among people experiencing homelessness globally are lacking. To determine the current and lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders among people experiencing homelessness and identify associated factors. A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and AMED) was conducted from inception to May 1, 2021. Studies investigating the prevalence of mental health disorders among people experiencing homelessness aged 18 years and older were included. Data extraction was completed using standardized forms in Covidence. All extracted data were reviewed for accuracy by consensus between 2 independent reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the prevalence (with 95% CIs) of mental health disorders in people experiencing homelessness. Subgroup analyses were performed by sex, study year, age group, region, risk of bias, and measurement method. Meta-regression was conducted to examine the association between mental health disorders and age, risk of bias, and study year. Current and lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders among people experiencing homelessness. A total of 7729 citations were retrieved, with 291 undergoing full-text review and 85 included in the final review (N = 48 414 participants, 11 154 [23%] female and 37 260 [77%] male). The current prevalence of mental health disorders among people experiencing homelessness was 67% (95% CI, 55-77), and the lifetime prevalence was 77% (95% CI, 61-88). Male individuals exhibited a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders (86%; 95% CI, 74-92) compared to female individuals (69%; 95% CI, 48-84). The prevalence of several specific disorders were estimated, including any substance use disorder (44%), antisocial personality disorder (26%), major depression (19%), schizophrenia (7%), and bipolar disorder (8%). The findings demonstrate that most people experiencing homelessness have mental health disorders, with higher prevalences than those observed in general community samples. Specific interventions are needed to support the mental health needs of this population, including close coordination of mental health, social, and housing services and policies to support people experiencing homelessness with mental disorders.

BackgroundResearch consistently demonstrates significantly higher rates of mental health disorders among incarcerated individuals compared to the general population. This paper examines the prevalence of mental health disorders among all individuals serving preventive detention in Norway between 2009 and 2022, and compares the prevalence of mental health disorders in this group with a comparison group of individuals convicted of serious violent and sexual offences, and with the total prison population.MethodsWe conducted a registry-based study to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity within this population in Norwegian prisons, using a subset of the data from the nPRIS-cohort including all people imprisoned in Norway between January 1st, 2000, and December 31st, 2022 (n = 112,877). The cohort, including 202 individuals serving preventive detention in the period 2009–2022, were linked to the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR) and socio-economic data from Statistics Norway.ResultsThe prevalence of mental health disorders was high across all three comparison groups. However, of the preventive detention population (n = 202) almost all (95.0%) had at least one mental health diagnosis during the study period. In addition, 73.8% of the preventive detention population had received a severe mental health disorder diagnosis during the observation period (compared to 23.7% for the comparison group and 28.3% for the total prison population). Approximately one third of the preventive detention population had a combination of three or more of the five most common diagnoses.ConclusionThe preventive detention population in Norway is clearly a group with significant mental health treatment needs – even when compared to a prison population that is itself showing increasing prevalence of mental health disorders, indicating that they represent a particularly vulnerable population within the prison system.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12888-025-07357-3.

BackgroundMental health disorders are common among people in prison, but their prevalence in the Scandinavian prison population remain unclear. In this multinational register study, we examined the prevalence of mental health disorders and the comorbidity of substance use disorders (SUDs) with other mental health disorders in this population. Further, we investigated how the prevalence of mental disorders at prison entry had changed in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden over the study period.MethodsThe three study cohorts included all individuals, aged 19 or older, whom had been imprisoned in Norway (2010–2019), Denmark (2011–2018), and Sweden (2010–2013). Mental disorders were defined as ICD-10 diagnoses (F-codes) registered in the national patient registers. The study prevalence was estimated based on recorded diagnoses during the entire study follow-up period in each respective country. The one-year prevalence of mental disorders was estimated for each calendar year for individuals entering prison during that year.ResultsThe Scandinavian prison cohorts included 119 507 individuals released 191 549 times during the study period. Across all three countries a high proportion of both women (61.3%-74.4%) and men (49.6%-57.9%) had at least one mental health disorder during the observation period. The most prevalent disorders were SUDs (39.1%-44.0%), depressive disorder (8.1%-17.5%), and stress related disorder (8.8%-17.1%). Women (31.8%-41.1%) had higher levels of mental health and substance use comorbidities compared to men (20.8%-27.6%). The one-year prevalence of any mental health disorder increased over time with a 33% relative increase in Norway, 8% in Denmark, and 10% in Sweden. The proportion of individuals entering prison with a comorbid SUD and other mental disorder had also increased.ConclusionsWhile the incarceration rate has been decreasing during the past decade in the Scandinavian countries, an increasing proportion of people entering prison have a diagnosed mental health disorder. Our results suggest that prisons should provide adequate treatment and scale up services to accommodate the increasing proportion of people with complex health needs among incarcerated people.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12888-024-05540-6.

The burden of mental health disorders, though a major public health concern globally, is disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries, including those in Africa. In addition, despite the increased awareness regarding the crisis in mental health, comprehensive data regarding the prevalence and determinants of mental health disorders among adults in Africa is lacking. This scoping review investigates the prevalence, associated factors, and barriers to care for mental health disorders in African adults. The authors performed a systematic search of peer-reviewed literature through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies that reported on the prevalence of mental health disorders among African adults published between 2010 and 2024. Eligible studies were screened and extracted, after which thematic analysis was done using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Thirty-five studies were included andindicated significant regional variation in the prevalence of mental health disorders. The most prevalent disorders reported were major depression, within a range of 12-35 percent, anxiety disorders, within a range of 10-27 percent, followed by substance use disorders. Major socioeconomic contributors to the mental health disorders were poverty, unemployment, and low education. Cultural stigma and barriers to care access also contributed significantly. Mental health services were few throughout Africa, especially in the rural and conflict areas of the continent, because of workforce shortages and lack of funding. Research gaps clearly existed in rural populations, refugees, and longitudinal mental health studies. The review indicates the need for urgent awareness, investment in mental health services, and the implementation of policy addressing the burden of mental health in Africa. Targeted efforts at decreasing stigma,increasing the infrastructure for mental health, and access to care should be taken, particularly within the most at-risk groups. Addressing such challenges is likely to ensure improved mental health outcomes and further the cause of public health across the continent.

IntroductionPrevalence estimates of childhood and adolescent mental health disorders appear to vary between 20 to 30% worldwide. It is therefore unsurprising that studies have yielded inconsistent findings in regards to the trends of prevalence of mental health disorders. Some reasons for the discrepancy in findings include use of survey data and its associated attrition and selection bias.Objectives and aimsFirst, to determine and compare the prevalence of mental health disorders derived from a survey and a population cohort. Second, to evaluate trends of mental health prevalence over time.MethodsAs population data (i.e., linked health records) may be used to overcome the issues presented by survey data, we compared the prevalence estimated from a prospective survey cohort (the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine study) to another estimate from a prospective population cohort (linked population data; data from the Hospital Morbidity Records and Mental Health Registration).ResultsAs expected, the Raine cohort yielded a larger estimate of prevalence when compared to the linked population data. However each cohort also revealed opposite trends of prevalence, where the Raine cohort showed the prevalence of mental health disorders to decrease as children age.ConclusionsWe therefore recommend that estimates of prevalence be interpreted with the type of cohort in mind, as estimates from survey cohorts will provide different information to that from population cohorts.

The aim of the current review is to describe the prevalence and demographic correlates of mental health disorders among undergraduate university students in the United States. A search strategy was built and conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL to identify studies published between 2009 and 2019 on the prevalence of mental health disorders, as defined in the fourth and fifth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, in undergraduate students in the United States. A total of 12 studies were included in the final data extraction. The highest prevalence rates were identified in eating disorders, which ranged from 19% to 48%, followed by compulsive disorders (2% to 12.27%), depression (22%), posttraumatic stress disorder (8%), and sleep disorders (9.4% to 36%). The identified prevalence of mental health disorders is high, and the subsequent impact on this population is worrying. There is an urgent need to develop strategies for early screening and management of mental health services in university settings. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59(2), 17-24.].

Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders Among Caregivers of Patients With Alzheimer Disease

Objetivo: Descrever os fatores sociodemográficos e ocupacionais e avaliar a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns em trabalhadores das Estratégias de Saúde da Família (ESF) em Santa Cruz do Sul, RS. Métodos: Estudo com abordagem epidemiológica, de corte transversal e quantitativo, realizado no período de junho a agosto de 2013. Foram avaliados 83 trabalhadores, entre médicos, enfermeiros, técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem e agentes comunitários de saúde, atuantes nas 11 unidades de saúde da família do município. O instrumento de pesquisa constituiu-se em um questionário autoaplicável, englobando aspectos sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e questões pertencentes ao Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Resultados: A idade média dos participantes foi de 37,1±8,9 anos, sendo a maioria agentes comunitários de saúde, do sexo feminino, casadas, com filhos, renda per capita de até 2 salários mínimos e ensino médio completo. A prevalência geral de transtorno mental comum foi de 19,7%, estando presente em todas as categorias profissionais, e mais frequente entre os enfermeiros (25%), porém sem diferenças estatísticas. Conclusão: O presente estudo, além de caracterizar a população de trabalhadores das ESF de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, em seus aspectos sociodemográficos e ocupacionais, identificou que o sofrimento psíquico está presente, embora em graus variados, em todas as categorias profissionais avaliadas. Frente a esses achados relevantes, sugerem-se providências que visem à prevenção e promoção da saúde mental desses profissionais

FP06-5 Can Group Counseling for Alzheimer Dementia Caregivers Enhance their Quality of Life?

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are considered at elevated risk of experiencing mental health disorders in working with patients with COVID-19. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of common mental health disorders in HCWs based in hospitals where pandemic-affected patients were treated. Method: Databases were searched for studies published before 30 March 2020. Quantitative synthesis was used to obtain estimates of the prevalence of mental health disorders in four time windows, determined a priori (the acute phase, i.e. during and up to 1.5 months post-pandemic; 1.5–5.9 months; 6–11.9 months; 12 months and later). Results: Nineteen studies met the review criteria. They predominantly addressed the acute phase of the SARS outbreak in Asia. The most studied outcomes were clinically significant post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and general psychiatric caseness. For clinically significant PTSS in the acute phase, the prevalence estimate was 23.4% (95% CI 16.3, 31.2; N = 4147; I2 = 96.2%); in the 12 months plus window, the estimate was 11.9% (8.4, 15.8; N = 1136; I2 = 74.3%). For general psychiatric caseness, prevalence estimates were acute phase, 34.1% (18.7, 51.4; N = 3971; I2 = 99.1%); 6–12 months, 17.9% (13.1, 23.2; N = 223; I2 = 0.0%); 12 months plus, 29.3% (6.0, 61.0; N = 710; I2 = 97.8%). No differences between doctors and nurses with respective to PTSS and general psychiatric caseness were apparent in the acute phase. Conclusions: Mental health disorders are particularly common in HCWs working with pandemic-afflicted patients immediately following a pandemic, but the course of disorders following this period is poorly understood. There was considerable heterogeneity between studies, likely linked to methodological differences. More extended follow up of HCWs is needed.

Postpartum Mental Health Disorders in Indigenous Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

329 Background: There remains limited research on the prevalence of mental health disorders (MHD) among patients with different cancer types in representative populations. This study explores the prevalence of MHD before, during, and after a diagnosis of cancer across a broad community population. Methods: This retrospective study examined MHD (including depression, anxiety, PTSD and substance use) among adults diagnosed with cancer from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, within Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Monthly trends of MHD prevalence from pre-diagnosis to one-year post-diagnosis of cancer were stratified by cancer type, evaluated using linear regression, and compared to healthcare utilization. Results: The study cohort comprised 58,591 patients (median age 65, 51.5% female, 57.9% white). Across all cancer types, prevalence of total pre-existing MHD was 18.9% (95% CI 18.6, 19.3), which increased to 23.7% (95% CI 23.3, 24.0) at cancer diagnosis, and up to 33% (95% CI 32.6, 33.5) by one-year following diagnosis. Anxiety was the most common, more than doubling from a pre-cancer prevalence of 11.6% (95% CI 11.4, 11.9) to 24.6% (95% CI 24.2, 25.0) one year after diagnosis. Depression prevalence also increased over the same period, from 11.5% (95% CI 11.3, 11.8) to 18.3% (95% CI 18.0, 18.7). While less common overall, substance use also more than doubled over the one-year period, from 1.9% (95% CI 1.8, 2.0) to 4.7% (95% CI 4.5, 4.9). The lowest prevalence for all MHD was seen in prostate cancer, at 13.4% pre-diagnosis to 21.7% one-year post-diagnosis. The highest rates of total MHD were seen amongst brain cancer and acute leukemia, at 23.0% (brain) and 19.2% (leukemia) prior to cancer, to 50.1% (brain) and 48.1% (leukemia) one year after. Mental health care also increased modestly during this one-year period from pre- to post-cancer diagnosis. Utilization of Psychiatric services across all cancers increased from 5.8% (95% CI 5.6, 6.0) to 10.9% (95% CI 10.6, 11.2). Use of Behavioral Health services was low overall, noting a shift from 1.7% (95% CI 1.6, 1.8) to 4.2% (95% CI 4.1, 4.4). Conclusions: There is a growing burden of MHD in patients with cancer, with variations by cancer type and increases in prevalence just after cancer diagnosis. Use of mental health services amongst this population remains low. Studies characterizing MHD across different cancer populations can help prioritize screening and timely interventions, improving the mental health burden and overall outcomes in cancer care. Prevalence of mental health disorders (MHD); % (n). Month(0 = at cancer diagnosis) -1 (n=58591) 0 (n=58591) 12 (n=47931) p-value Depression 11.5% (6764) 13.5% (7912) 18.3% (8774) <0.0001 Anxiety 11.6% (6822) 15.4% (9015) 24.6% (11790) <0.0001 Substance Use 1.9% (1125) 2.9% (1693) 4.7% (2233) <0.0001 All MHD* 18.9% (11097) 23.7% (13858) 33.0% (15840) <0.0001 *Includes depression, anxiety, PTSD, and substance use.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence, cooccurrence and risk factors of mental health disorders in 5-7 year-old children in the general population.Materials and Methods: The study is a 5-7 years follow-up of the Danish birth cohort The Copenhagen Child Cohort, CCC2000, including 6,090 children from the general population. The cohort was screened for mental health problems by questionnaires to parents and pre-school teachers (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ). Screen positive children and a random sample of 1330 children were assessed by diagnostic interviews administered to parents and questionnaires to pre-schoolteachers (Developmental and Well-being Assessment, DAWBA). Data on peri-natal adversities, sociodemographic risk factors and hospital admissions were obtained from Danish National Registers.Results: The overall prevalence of mental health disorders in 5-7 years-old children was 4.4% (95%CI: 3.3-5.5). Emotional disorders were found in 2.0% children, behavioural disorders in 1.5% (95%CI: 0.9-2.2) and hyperkinetic disorder in 0.9% (95%CI: 0.4-1.4). The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders was 1.0 (95%CI: 0.5-1.5). Nearly a third had co-occurrence of mental health diagnoses and the relative risk of having a mental health disorder was significantly higher in boys compared to girls:1.8 (95%CI:1.1 - 3.1).Preliminary results on early risk factors and predictors of mental health problems between birth and 7 years in CCC 2000 will be presented at the congress.

Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders in Elderly U.S. Military Veterans: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Improving Health Equity for Women Involved in the Criminal Legal System.