Abstract
Typhoon events can cause serious environmental damage and economic losses. Understanding the development of typhoon events will provide valuable knowledge for disaster prevention and mitigation. In the age of big data, the sharp contrast between the sudden increase of mass information and the lack of a knowledge appreciation mechanism appears. There is an urgent need to promote the transformation of information services to knowledge services in the field of hazard management. Knowledge representation, as a strategy for symbolizing and formalizing knowledge, affects knowledge acquisition, storage, management, and application, and is the basis and prerequisite for the implementation of knowledge services. Based on the evolution law of typhoon events and human cognitive habits, a formal knowledge representation method for typhoon events (TKRM) is proposed in this paper. First, by analyzing the evolution characteristics of typhoon events, the TKRM framework with three layers consisting of “event–process–state” was constructed, which was used to describe the knowledge composition and relationship of the different granularity of typhoon events. Second, the formal representation of the TKRM framework was formed by using a finite state machine (FSM) as a reference, taking time and location as the basic conditions, and extending the hierarchical and parallel representation mechanism. Finally, the rationality and practical value of the TKRM were verified using a case study.
Highlights
Typhoons are natural hazards occurring in the northwest Pacific and South China Sea, which are accompanied by intense releases of enormous amounts of energy [1,2]
Based on the hierarchical modeling, this paper presents a knowledge representation model with the three layers of “event–process–state” for typhoon events (Figure 2)
There is a lack of a unified knowledge description mechanisms for typhoon events, which leads to the difficulty in integrating typhoon knowledge with an appreciation mechanism using a large amount of complex information [49,50,51]
Summary
Typhoons are natural hazards occurring in the northwest Pacific and South China Sea, which are accompanied by intense releases of enormous amounts of energy [1,2]. Typhoon events cause direct economic losses amounting to over $100 billion to over 10 million people, making it one of the most destructive hazards in the world [4]. The reason why a typhoon is so destructive is the bad weather, and the complex and changeable evolution process that brings great uncertainty to hazard management. Due to the lack of effective information mining and sorting, it is difficult to generate typhoon knowledge using only information technology. There is an urgent requirement for an objective description of the evolution process, the key nodes and impacts of a typhoon, and condensing the related concepts and concept relations of typhoon hazards to provide knowledge support for hazard prevention and reduction in terms of a strong scope, sufficient demonstration, and strict logic
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