Title Pending 340
Experiments were conducted to assess the control of weeds with two PRE-EM (pendimethalin and ethofumesate) and one POST-EM (fluroxypyr-meptyl) herbicides used in chamomile. Pendimethalin (990 g a.i. ha-1) and ethofumesate (1000 g a.i. ha-1) were applied after crop sowing but before crop and weed emergence, while fluroxypyr-meptyl (258.48 g a.i. ha-1) was applied when the weeds achieved 2-4 developed leaves and the chamomile was at an early stage of development. Herbicide efficacy was recorded 20 and 40 days after treatment (DAT) for PRE-EM and 15 and 30 DAT for POST-EM herbicides. Better control of most species was observed with POST-EM than with PRE-EM herbicides. Pendimethalin showed good efficacy (> 90%) on Abutilon theophrasti, Anagallis arvensis, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium polyspermum, Rumex crispus, and Veronica persica, while the efficacy of ethofumesate was less than 90% on all weed species. Fluroxypyr-meptyl showed 100% efficacy on A. theophrasti, B. convolvulus, P. aviculare, R. crispus, S. nigrum and V. hederifolia in 2017 and on A. blitoides in 2018. These results can help growers select PRE-EM and POST-EM herbicides for weed control in chamomile and enable sustainable management.