Abstract
The discovery of alternative fuels that can replace conventional fuels has become the goal of many scientific researches. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils through a transesterification reaction that converts triglycerides into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), with the use of a low molecular weight alcohol, in different reaction conditions and with different types of catalysts. Titanium dioxide has shown a high potential as heterogeneous catalyst due to high surface area, strong metal support interaction, chemical stability, and acid–base property. This review focused on TiO2 as heterogeneous catalyst and its potential applications in the continuous flow production of biodiesel. Furthermore, the use of micro reactors, able to make possible chemical transformations not feasible with traditional techniques, will enable a reduction of production costs and a greater environmental protection.
Highlights
Public attention to energy consumption and related emissions of pollutants is growing.The constant increase in the cost of raw materials derived from petroleum and the growing concerns of environmental impact have given considerable impetus to new products research from renewable raw materials and to technological proposal solutions that reduce energy consumption, use of hazardous substances and waste production, while promoting a model of sustainable development and social acceptance [1,2,3].In recent years, titanium complex catalytic systems consisting of several catalysts or containing one catalyst with functional additives have found wide applications [4,5,6]
The results showed that sulfated titania is a promising solid acid catalyst to be used in the esterification of free fatty acids with 2-propanol (Table 2)
They studied the catalytic performance for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl ester from fatty acid and methanol
Summary
Public attention to energy consumption and related emissions of pollutants is growing. Titanium complex catalytic systems consisting of several catalysts or containing one catalyst with functional additives have found wide applications [4,5,6]. This application is very promising, since it appreciably widens the possibility of controlling the activity and selectivity of catalysts. TiO22 as an excellent excellent material material for heterogeneous catalysis, catalysis, with with potential potential This as an for heterogeneous applications in in biodiesel biodiesel production. Applications of of titanium titanium dioxide dioxide as as heterogeneous heterogeneous catalyst catalyst for for continuous flow processes have been considered.
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