Tire Ply-Steer, Conicity and Rolling Resistance - Analytical Formulae for Accurate Assessment of Vehicle Performance during Straight Running

Abstract

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The aim of the paper is to provide simple and accurate analytical formulae describing the <i>straight motion</i> of a road vehicle. Such formulae can be used to compute either the steering torque or the additional rolling resistance induced by vehicle side-slip angle.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper introduces a revised formulation of the Handling Diagram Theory to take into account tire ply-steer, conicity and road banking. Pacejka’s Handling Diagram Theory is based on a relatively simple fully non-linear single track model. We will refer to the linear part of the Handling Diagram, since straight motion will be considered only. Both the elastokinematics of suspension system and tire characteristics are taken into account.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The validation of the analytical expressions has been performed both theoretically and after a subjective-objective test campaign.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">By means of the new and unreferenced analytical formulae, practical hints are given to set to zero the steering torque during straight running. Additionally, the vehicle rolling resistance during straight motion is studied. It is found that front toe seems primarily set for reasons that are related to the steering system, other than tires. Reducing front toe could reduce energy consumption up to 1% on a WLTP mission.</div></div>