Timed instrumental activities of daily living in multiple sclerosis: The test of everyday cognitive ability (TECA)

Abstract

ObjectiveCognitive impairment is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) that can lead to declines in daily functioning. Timed instrumental activities of daily living (TIADLs) have been useful to bridge between cognitive testing and real-world functioning in disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. However, these have not been standardized for general use, and the tasks that are typically employed have not been sensitive to the detection of milder forms of cognitive deficits. We developed a test of ten TIADLs tasks to measure a broader range of functioning, entitled the “Test of Everyday Cognitive Ability” or TECA, and tested its utility in a diverse sample of participants with MS. MethodTECA performance was characterized in n = 177 participants with MS and compared to healthy controls (n = 49). A subset from each group received repeated administration. In addition, all participants completed a standard battery of neuropsychological measures. ResultsTECA performances were significantly different between MS and control participants. Further, MS participants with cognitive impairment performed significantly slower relative to those MS participants without impairment. ConclusionsThe TECA is a TIADLs assessment appropriate for use in those with MS as it includes a broad range of task difficulties, requires minimum motor involvement, and is sensitive to MS-related cognitive impairment. The TECA is a brief and repeatable test of TIADLs and its ease of administration makes it suitable for both clinical practice and research settings.