Abstract
The nucleation and growth processes of particles and crystals from aqueous systems are actively investigated and occasionally open to debate because multistep nucleation and prenucleation events often exist. This study demonstrates that time-resolved Raman spectroscopic measurements can provide complementary and useful information on the nucleation and growth of particles and crystals from homogeneous and heterogeneous systems at different pressure–temperature conditions. Three minerals were chosen for this study: siderite, magnesite, and calcite, three carbonate minerals that are widespread in geological environments and have numerous industrial and medical applications. As expected, siderite and calcite can rapidly form via an amorphous precursor when using concentrated solutions of reactants directly mixed at ambient temperature (∼25 °C) and pressure (∼1 bar) (i.e., via spinodal decomposition or when energetic barrier is close to zero). In addition, calcium carbonate clusters and/or probably also amorp...
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