Time of day variations in driving performance

Abstract

Numerous factors may contribute to the 24-hour pattern of automobile accidents. One factor may be a time of day variation in driving ability. In the present study, 11 male subjects operated a driving simulator for 30 minutes at six times of day. Subjects were instructed to maintain a stable position in the left-hand lane and to drive at a constant speed of 80 km/hour. In addition subjects performed a secondary reaction time task. Subjective mood was measured at the beginning and end of each session. Driving performance was measured in terms of the mean and standard deviation of lateral position and speed. The mean and standard deviation of speed varied significantly across the day for both curved and straight segments. Reaction time was also affected by time of day. Performance was more impaired at 0600 and 0200 hours, with improvements in driving performance between 1000 and 2200 hours and an early afternoon dip. These results suggest that driving performance is subject to diurnal variations. Of particular importance is the result that impairments in driving performance in the early afternoon are of a similar magnitude to those occurring in the late evening and early morning.