Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease; tea components have important neuroprotective effects. This article explores the effects and mechanisms of Qingxiang Tiguanyin (Tgy-Q), Nongxiang Tieguanyin (Tgy-N), and Chenxiang Tieguanyin (Tgy-C) extracts on APP/PS1 AD model mice. Morris water maze and new object recognition experiments show that Tieguanyin extracts can effectively enhance the cognitive ability of APP/PS1 mice. H&E staining, Nissl staining, and immunohistochemical staining show that Tieguanyin extracts make nerve cell boundaries and nucleoli become clearer, relieve nucleus pyknosis, and effectively reduce Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus and cortex. They also restore the morphology of microglia and astrocytes. In addition, Tieguanyin extracts can balance the oxidative stress level in the brain of APP/PS1 mice by improving the antioxidant capacity. Western blot results show that Tieguanyin extracts can reduce the expression of NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS in mouse brain, which demonstrates that Tieguanyin extracts improves cognitive ability by alleviating inflammation. This article demonstrates for the first time that Tieguanyin extracts can inhibit the excessive activation of the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway and improve the antioxidant capacity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, to improve the cognitive ability of APP/PS1 mice. Our results shed light into the beneficial of Tieguanyin tea extracts on preventing and alleviating AD diseases.
Highlights
Introduction iationsAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common degenerative diseases of the central nervous system and is characterized by cognitive loss
These results suggest that the treatment of Tieguanyin extracts by intragastric administration effectively protects the cognitive impairment of APP/PS1 mice and enhances the learning and memory ability of APP/PS1 mice
We further explored the effect of Tieguanyin extracts on the residence time of APP/PS1 mice in quadrant II, results showed that the time of staying in the quadrant of the platform increased to 43%, 40%, and 55% of the model group, respectively (Figure 2C)
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common degenerative diseases of the central nervous system and is characterized by cognitive loss. Its main characteristics are memory dysfunction, personality mutations, impaired cognitive function, and language degradation as symptoms [1]. The 2019 annual report of Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI) shows that more than 50 million people worldwide suffer from dementia, and the number of people affected will exceed 152 million by 2050 [2]. There are two main countermeasures against AD: one is treatment with drugs, and the other is adjuvant therapy without drugs. Drugs that interfere with Aβ, affect free radical metabolism, and anti-inflammatory drugs can alleviate the symptoms of AD. Listigmine, Galantamine and Memantine are the main drugs currently used for the treatment of AD
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