Abstract
In this review, we collate information about ticks identified in different parts of the Sudan and South Sudan since 1956 in order to identify gaps in tick prevalence and create a map of tick distribution. This will avail basic data for further research on ticks and policies for the control of tick-borne diseases. In this review, we discuss the situation in the Republic of South Sudan as well as Sudan. For this purpose we have divided Sudan into four regions, namely northern Sudan (Northern and River Nile states), central Sudan (Khartoum, Gazera, White Nile, Blue Nile and Sennar states), western Sudan (North and South Kordofan and North, South and West Darfour states) and eastern Sudan (Red Sea, Kassala and Gadarif states).
Highlights
Ticks may have both direct and indirect adverse effects on their host animals
The study of ticks that parasitise domestic animals is of considerable importance in that it assists in determining their host preference, their seasonality and geographic distribution, the diseases they may transmit and their control (King, Getting & Newson 1988)
During the late 1940s and early 1950s Hoogstraal (1954, 1956) collected ticks from more than 50 localities in Southern Sudan and 15 localities in Northern Sudan. He recorded 38 tick species in the southern Sudan provinces, seven in other provinces and 18 that were found in both Southern Sudan and other provinces
Summary
Ticks may have both direct and indirect adverse effects on their host animals. They feed on blood, leading to anaemia, and the injuries caused by their attachment damage hides and predispose animals to secondary bacterial infections that may lead to mastitis. Abdalla (2007) recorded 15 tick species belonging to four genera in South Darfour These included A. lepidum, A. variegatum, Hy. anatolicum (only in Nyala town), Hy. dromedarii, Hy. impeltatum, Hy. impressum, Hy. rufipes, Hy. truncatum, R. According to Ibrahim (2009), the dominant tick species infesting cattle and sheep in North Darfour was Hy. impeltatum, whilst A. lepidum, A. variegatum (accidental introduction possibly by migrating birds), Hy. dromedarii, Hy. rufipes, Hy. truncatum, R. Karrar, Kaiser and Hoogstraal (1963) stated that A. lepidum numbers were high (15.5 ticks per host) in wooded savannah areas (River Atbara), the cultivated Gash Delta and in the Acacia seyal savannah of River Gash in Kassala They reported R. sanguineus on sheep, goats, cattle, camels and donkeys and that Hy. dromedarii was the most abundant tick species on camels. R. appendiculatus was abundant in the Juba area, whilst only a single male R. appendiculatus was identified in Mangalla and none in Terekeka
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