Abstract
Research on catalytic oxidation in a promising but mild manner to remove formaldehyde and produce hydrogen is rarely reported. Here, the use of the Ti3AlC2 MAX phase as support for palladium nanoparticles was explored for the hydrogen generation from alkaline formaldehyde solution at room temperature. The results showed that Ti3AlC2/Pd catalyst with 3 wt% Pd loading had a much higher capability for hydrogen production than conventional Pd nanoparticles. In addition, by further optimizing the formaldehyde concentration, NaOH concentration, and the reaction temperature, the hydrogen production rate could be further increased to 291.6 mL min−1g−1. Moreover, the obtained apparent activation energy of the Ti3AlC2/Pd catalyzed hydrogen production reaction is 39.48 kJ mol−1, which is much lower than that of the literature results (65 kJ mol−1). The prepared Ti3AlC2/Pd catalysts as well as the catalytic process could act as a “two birds with one stone” effect, that is, they not only eliminate noxious formaldehyde but also generate clean hydrogen.
Highlights
With the development of science and technology, the demand for energy in modern society is increasing rapidly
As for the pure Ti3 AlC2, all the peaks of Ti, C, Al, and O elements can be detected in the survey X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) spectra
In addition to the elements of Ti, C, Al, and O, the XPS peak of Pd species appears for the Ti3 AlC2 /Pd-3%
Summary
With the development of science and technology, the demand for energy in modern society is increasing rapidly. The development and utilization of a large amount of fossil energy has greatly reduced the inventory of non-renewable energy but has worsened environmental problems and endangered the physical and mental health of human beings. It is necessary to transform energy consumption patterns and develop clean energy. Hydrogen energy, which has a wide range of sources and applications, has a broader application prospect. Hydrogen energy is high-efficiency clean energy with high energy density, renewable energy, convenient storage and transportation, and no carbon dioxide emissions [8,9]. The most widely used hydrogen production method is fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and other hydrocarbon reforming hydrogen production [10–13]. Hydrogen produced by these methods generally leads to the emission of carbon oxides, which is not environmentally friendly. There are biological [14] and electrocatalytic [15] methods for hydrogen production
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