Abstract
An investigation into the pathological effects of Cypermethrin on the thyroid gland of Yankasa rams was carried out. Sixteen sexually-mature, healthy Yankasa rams aged 18 - 30 months and weighing between 21.5 - 46.5kg with clinically normal genitalia were used. They were divided equally into two groups (A and B). A served as the treatment group while B served as the control. (A) were given Cypermethrin (3%) at the dose rate of 3mg/kg (0.1ml/kg) body weight, topically as pour-on. (B)were given distilled water at the same dose rate of 0.1ml/kg body weight topically as pour-on. These treatments were repeated every two weeks for a period of 12 weeks. The rams were sacrificed at the end of 12 weeks and the following organs (liver, heart, kidney, brain and thyroid gland), were collected for gross and histopathology. Results showed that no gross pathologic lesions were found on the thyroid gland, theliver, brain and the kidneys of both groups. The heart of the treated group showed petechial hemorrhage. The mean weights of the following organs; liver, thyroid gland, kidneys and heart of the treated and the control groups were 400.00±0.00g and 420.00±20.0g; 2.30±0.37g and 1.50±0.31g; 70.20±9.90g and 72.60±3.70;127.51±46 and 100.00±20.00respectively. The differences in weight between the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Histologic sections of the thyroid glands of the treated group showed hyperplasia of the follicular epithelial cells followed by collapsing of the follicles. Histologic sections of the cardiac muscles of the treated group showed focal infiltration of lymphocytes and loss of striations (degeneration). The liver, the kidneysand thebrain (cerebrum) of both groups showed no histologic lesions. It was concluded that Cypermethrin induced thyroid and cardiac pathology in the rams. It was recommended that more investigation be done to unravel the mechanism of inducing thyroid and cardiac pathology in rams.
Highlights
Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that has been widely used over the past 30 years in China and other countries against pests, Lepidoptera, Cockroaches and termites [1]
They were acclimatized for two weeks at the Small Ruminant Research Programme Experimental Unit of National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI), after which they were judged to be in good health based on clinical findings, hematological and faecal examinations
Administration of 3% Cypermethrin The rams in group (A) were given Cypermethrin (3%) at the dose rate of 3mg/kg (0.1ml/kg) body weight, topically as pour-on
Summary
Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that has been widely used over the past 30 years in China and other countries against pests, Lepidoptera, Cockroaches and termites [1]. It is used primarily in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate, but ultra-low-volume concentrates, wettable powders and joint formulation with other pesticides are available [2]. Technical Cypermethrin varies from a viscous, yellow liquid to a semi-solid crystalline mass at ambient temperature [3]. Cypermethrin is highly stable to light and at temperatures below 220°C [3]. The common Trade NamesareAmmo, Avicade, Barricade, CCN 52, Cymbush, Ubah Simon Azubuike et al.: Thyroid Pathology of Cypermethrin and Its Reproductive Implications in Yankasa Rams
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