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Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysfunction can arise from various factors affecting every level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been implicated as an infectious agent contributing to the development of endocrine disorders, including thyroid-related conditions. Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the correlation between HIV infection, concurrent comorbidities, and thyroid diseases. Methods: Between January 2020 and May 2022, 70 HIV-positive patients within the HIV clinic at Loghman-Hakim Hospital were included in this study. In addition to history and physical examinations, serum thyroid function tests, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), Free T4, triiodothyronine (T3), T3 Reuptake, and anti-TPO antibody, were measured in all patients. Results: Among the 70 patients, thyroid dysfunction was identified in 27.1% of the patients. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common finding, affecting 15.7% of the patients. Primary hypothyroidism and isolated elevated anti-TPO antibody levels with normal thyroid function were observed in 4% of patients. Thyroid dysregulation was more prevalent in females (36% vs. 22.2%), and most patients were receiving ART treatment. Conclusions: The incidence of thyroid abnormalities among people living with HIV remains a topic of debate and variability across different societies. However, emerging evidence suggests that factors such as age, gender, and the quality of treatment may play significant roles in the development of thyroid dysfunction in this population.
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