Threshold effect in the energy-loss straggling of protons channeled in Au⟨100⟩ at very low velocities

Abstract

The energy-loss straggling of protons channeled in gold crystals in the ⟨100⟩ direction has been experimentally and theoretically studied at the low-velocity limit. The experimental results show a threshold effect in the straggling values, which is similar to that observed earlier in the energy loss. This effect is described by a theoretical model which explains the velocity dependence by considering the individual features of the contributions of free electrons in the conduction band and the nearly free $(5{d}^{10})$ electrons which generate a threshold effect at low energies due to their binding energy. The model predicts a deviation of proportionality with ion velocity of the energy-loss spread and yields a good description of the obtained experimental data.