Abstract
Three-dimensionally (3D) aligned, high-density, hierarchically structured single crystalline W18O49 nanowires have been built on carbon microfibers of commercially available carbon paper via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique without the use of a catalyst or vacuum system. The resultant W18O49 nanowires radially cover carbon microfibers with controlled length and density. After a carefully controlled annealing treatment, stoichiometric WO3 nanowires have also been achieved without losing their 3D hierarchical structure. Morphology, phase structure, and crystallinity of the nanowires have been characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The growth mechanism of the nanowires has been discussed. Electrochemical and corrosion behavior of the W18O49 and WO3 nanowires has been evaluated by cyclic voltammograms and an acid immersion method, respectively. These 3D hierarchical composite structures consisting of tungsten oxide nanowires grown directly on carbon microfibers may have great potential applications in fuel cells, chromogenic sensors, and other chemical nanodevices.
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