Abstract
The mechanism of so-called arrow headed pit formation on contact surfaces under lubricated rolling-sliding cyclic contact loading was analyzed by fracture mechanics. The stress intensity factors of Modes I, II and III for an arrow-headed crack were calculated by three-dimensional numerical analysis. The analytical results support the hypothesis that an arrow headed crack in pitting phenomenon first propagates in shear mode, and that crack growth by tensile mode follows due to a hydraulic effect on crack faces by the oil that has penetrated into the crack. The analysis predicts that the values of contact pressure and frictional force dominantly determine the final surf ace apex angle of an arrow headed crack. The shape of an arrow headed crack observed under service loading is considered to be useful to estimate the operating conditions in the service loading.
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