Abstract
During 2003–2012, 8 clusters of meningococcal disease were identified in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, all caused by serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis. The isolates were assigned to 3 clonal complexes (cc): cc11, cc32, and cc103. These hyperinvasive disease lineages were associated with endemic disease, outbreaks, and high case-fatality rates.
Highlights
During 2003–2012, 8 clusters of meningococcal disease were identified in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, all caused by serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis
We identified 8 clusters involving 46 cases that occurred during 2003–2012; all were caused by serogroup C N. meningitidis
The genetic lineage of N. meningitidis isolates recovered in culture (n = 11) or directly detected in cerebrospinal fluid samples (n = 24) was determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and the antigenic profile was determined by sequencing antigen-encoding genes: porB, porA, and fetA variable region (3)
Summary
Clusters of meningococcal disease were a prominent feature of N. meningitidis infections in several countries during the 1990s (4,5) These meningococcal clusters have been associated with educational institutions and particular clones of serogroup C. The annual incidence rate remained stable (2–3 cases/100,000 population), clusters of meningococcal disease marked a change in the epidemiology of N. meningitidis infection during the 2000s in Rio de Janeiro State, while serogroup C disease and its case-fatality rate steadily increased. These clusters were caused by different clones, involved mostly children, and were accompanied by high case-fatality rates. Genotyping of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis invasive isolates recovered from 1990 to 2010 with timeline showing when the cluster-associated clone were first observed in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
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