Three-Independent-Gate Transistors: The Swiss Army Knife of Devices [Special Section on 2025 IEEE Kirchhoff Award

The Border Control community uses a number of skills, techniques and technologies to achieve its objectives: everything from the skilled eye, ear and feel of the border officer to sophisticated data, image and biometric analytics. These are often used singly or in small combinations or at different stages. What might a border control system look like which used a larger number of near-simultaneous scans, checks and queries on each passenger? And how might it be evaluated? This paper examines what a 'Swiss Army Knife', multi-tool approach to border, visas and internal migration control might involve and how this multi-tool approach might solve a number of common problems. It briefly touches on the erasing of boundaries between traditional 'immigration' information systems and those of port security, carrier reservations, economic and demographic statistics, police and counter-terrorism agencies.

Dreaming of a 'Swiss Army Knife' for atrial fibrillation ablation ...

With the increasing spread of misinformation online, this research focuses on developing a multi-functional tool aimed at enhancing media literacy and critical thinking within online educational environments. The methodology involves a systematic literature review alongside the creation of a practical tool that serves as a 'Swiss army knife' for digital literacy. A key feature of this tool is a structured seven-step verification process for evaluating the credibility of sources, authorship, messages, and the legitimacy of media content. By integrating multiple techniques, this tool allows users to effectively identify and analyze potentially misleading information. The study not only deepens the understanding of disinformation dynamics in educational contexts but also provides an innovative, practical solution to improve media literacy. The tool can be seamlessly integrated into online courses, thus enhancing the overall quality of digital education and fostering a more reliable learning environment.

The dramatic advances in our understanding of the molecular biology and biochemistry of jasmonate (JA) signaling have been the subject of several excellent recent reviews that have highlighted the phytohormonal function of this signaling pathway. Here, we focus on the responses mediated by JA signaling which have consequences for a plant's Darwinian fitness, i.e. the organism-level function of JA signaling. The most diverse module in the signaling cascade, the JAZ proteins, and their interactions with other proteins and transcription factors, allow this canonical signaling cascade to mediate a bewildering array of traits in different tissues at different times; the functional coherence of these diverse responses are best appreciated in an organismal/ecological context. From published work, it appears that jasmonates can function as the 'Swiss Army knife' of plant signaling, mediating many different biotic and abiotic stress and developmental responses that allow plants to contextualize their responses to their frequently changing local environments and optimize their fitness. We propose that a deeper analysis of the natural variation in both within-plant and within-population JA signaling components is a profitable means of attaining a coherent whole-plant functional perspective of this signaling cascade, and provide examples of this approach from the Nicotiana attenuata system.

A 'Swiss army knife' microscope that doesn't break the bank.

Despite unprecedented achievements, the domain-specific application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of infection biology was still in its infancy just a couple of years ago. This is largely attributable to the proneness of the infection biology community to shirk quantitative techniques. The so-called "sorting machine" paradigm was prevailing at that time, meaning that AI applications were primarily confined to the automation of tedious laboratory tasks. However, fueled by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, AI-driven applications in infection biology made giant leaps beyond mere automation. Instead, increasingly sophisticated tasks were successfully tackled, thereby ushering in the transition to the "Swiss army knife" paradigm. Incentivized by the urgent need to subdue a raging pandemic, AI achieved maturity in infection biology and became a versatile tool. In this chapter, the maturation of AI in the field of infection biology from the "sorting machine" paradigm to the "Swiss army knife" paradigm is outlined. Successful applications are illustrated for the three data modalities in the domain, that is, images, molecular data, and language data, with a particular emphasis on disentangling host-pathogen interactions. Along the way, fundamental terminology mentioned in the same breath as AI is elaborated on, and relationships between the subfields these terms represent are established. Notably, in order to dispel the fears of infection biologists toward quantitative methodologies and lower the initial hurdle, this chapter features a hands-on guide on software installation, virtual environment setup, data preparation, and utilization of pretrained models at its very end.

The HIV protein Nef is a viral 'Swiss army knife' with many functions. New work now shows how Nef increases infectivity — by inhibiting two of the host cell's antiviral proteins, SERINC3 and SERINC5. See Articles p.212 & p.218 In two separate papers, Massimo Pizzato and colleagues and Heinrich Gottlinger and colleagues identify previously unrecognized restriction factors for HIV-1. In the absence of the HIV-1 Nef protein, the multipass transmembrane proteins SERINC3 and SERINC5 become incorporated into assembling virions and profoundly block HIV-1 infection. The Nef protein, which is normally expressed by HIV-1, counteracts this activity by down-regulating SERINC3 and SERINC5 from the cell surface, thereby preventing their incorporation into virions. These findings identify SERINC5, and to a lesser extent SERINC3, as the agents responsible for the long-sought anti-HIV-1 activity that is overcome by Nef. This raises the possibility that SERINC5 might have potential as a basis for anti-HIV-1 therapeutics.

With their modular structure and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins interact with a wide range of cellular and viral substrates. This review summarizes how they have emerged as key players in the antiviral response. Shortly, TRIM proteins were shown (i) to enhance pro-inflammatory cytokines production by interacting with pattern recognition receptors and downstream components of immune signaling pathways, (ii) to interfere with viral trafficking by interacting with the cytoskeleton, and (iii) to exhibit direct antiviral effects by targeting viral proteins for proteasomal degradation or inducing autophagy. This combination of actions underscores TRIMs as a potent innate defense system, but also makes them vulnerable to viral evasion strategies.

Bacteriophages have been exploited as cloning vectors and display vehicles for decades owing to their genetic and structural simplicity. In bipartite display setting, phage takes on the role of a handle to which two modules are attached, each endowing it with specific functionality, much like the Swiss army knife. This concept offers unprecedented potential for phage applications in nanobiotechnology. Here, we compare common phage display platforms and discuss approaches to simultaneously append two or more different (poly)peptides or synthetic compounds to phage coat using genetic fusions, chemical or enzymatic conjugations, and in vitro noncovalent decoration techniques. We also review current reports on design of phage frameworks to link multiple effectors, and their use in diverse scientific disciplines. Bipartite phage display had left its mark in development of biosensors, vaccines, and targeted delivery vehicles. Furthermore, multifunctionalized phages have been utilized to template assembly of inorganic materials and protein complexes, showing promise as scaffolds in material sciences and structural biology, respectively.

This paper identifies two contending metaphors of the mind, and outlines a model of comprehension informed by the parsimony principle ("Ockham's razor"). The model, called virtual associative network (VAN), is applied to explain human performance and improve decision aiding in complex tasks involving multiple variables and rapidly changing constraints. This model is compared to a conventional modeling paradigm ("Swiss army knife") representing the mind as a "toolkit" of special purpose "instruments" (or modules). The paper has four sections. The first section introduces the VAN model focusing on its key assumptions. The second section runs computational experiments to assess the mathematical validity of these assumptions. Next, some of the model's decision aiding applications are demonstrated. The concluding section discusses agreement and the lack of such between the VAN model and other cognitive theories. Discussion centers on assessing VAN's plausibility vis-a-vis recent neuropsychological findings.

"Swiss Army Knife" black phosphorus-based nanodelivery platform for synergistic antiparkinsonian therapy via remodeling the brain microenvironment.

Endocrine flexibility.

Facing increasing demands for transparency, more and more organizations have embraced managed forms of information disclosure that rely on digital technologies. However, when doing so, they tend to create an idealized self-presentation for their audiences. Aggravated by these attempts to undermine ‘true openness’, calls for a ‘hands-off’ approach to information disclosure – also known as unmanaged transparency – have grown louder. Following this development, the paper conceptualizes organizations as sites of managed and unmanaged transparency practices and asks how these practices shape audience support and are affected by audiences. Empirically, we study a German political party from 2011 to 2017. Audiences initially supported the party’s commitment to unmanaged transparency but soon withdrew their support. Members in executive positions reacted by enacting multiple managed transparency practices to change the party’s negative public image. These efforts, however, were futile, and the party could not regain audience support. We theorize this dynamic in a framework that draws attention to the impact of (un)managed transparency and the organizational environment on audience support. Overall, our study suggests that unmanaged transparency in a digital society is more like a double-edged sword rather than a Swiss army knife: organizations might profit from its positive effects on the audience’s support, but they also make themselves vulnerable by the high level of dissonance they put on display.

Assassin fly babies have ‘Swiss army knife’ mouths

Unitary inequivalence as a problem for structural realism