Three-dimensional geological and geophysical model of the Myutenbay gold deposit, Muruntau ore field, Uzbekistan

Актуальность. Задачи поисков, разведки, оценки ресурсов и запасов, проектирования, разработки решаются на основе геологических моделей. Наряду с тем, что современное геологическое моделирование позволяет получить трехмерное описание строения геологического объекта, изучить характер и изменчивость параметров пласта и насыщающих его флюидов, оно также позволяет оценить неопределенности, неизбежно возникающие при моделировании геологического строения пласта. Из этого следует, что точность решения любой геологической задачи в существенной степени определяется адекватностью трехмерной модели соответствующего объекта. Таким образом, появляется необходимость привлечения для построения моделей, кроме эмпирических данных, всех видов априорной и косвенной информации – в частности, концептуальной седиментологической модели. Цель: усовершенствование методики построения трёхмерных геологических моделей, учитывающей особенности условий седиментации. Это обусловлено тем, что именно литофациальные характеристики продуктивных отложений являются основными факторами неоднородности природных резервуаров и нефтенасыщенности пород-коллекторов. Методика, учитывающая фациальное строение залежей, позволяет построить дискретно-непрерывную трехмерную модель, более адекватно описывающую изучаемый геологический объект и обладающую заметно более высокими прогностическими свойствами. Объекты: продуктивные пласты викуловской свиты Ем-Еговского лицензионного участка. Методы: детальная корреляция, усовершенствованная электрометрическая методика фациальной диагностики отложений, детерминистические и стохастические методы двухмерного и трехмерного моделирования геологических параметров. Результаты. По данным керна и материалов геофизических исследований скважин с использованием усовершенствованной методики В.С. Муромцева построена фациальная модель, включающая следующие группы фаций горизонта ВК1 викуловской свиты: дальняя зона пляжа, переходная зона пляжа и предфронтальная зона пляжа. С учётом данных по вновь пробуренным 192 скважинам проведена детальная корреляция горизонта ВК1. По её результатам внутри пласта ВК1 выделено три седиментационных цикла, для которых характерна довольно хорошая выдержанность по площади. На основе более точных данных сейсмики и данных 192 вновь пробуренных скважин с использованием концептуальной модели обстановок седиментации создана уточнённая модель залежи горизонта ВК1 Ем – Еговского месторождения. Согласно построенной модели, представления о геологическом строении залежи горизонта ВК1 изменилось значимо. Внешняя проверка подтвердила более высокую точность, а значит, и более высокие прогностические свойства созданной геологической модели. Согласно уточнённому строению, уменьшилась площадь и нефтенасыщенные толщины залежи, и как следствие геологические запасы. Уточнение и детализация строения залежи горизонта ВК1 позволит повысить эффективность доразведки слабо изученных частей и разработки. Предлагаемая в работе модель использована для создания гидродинамической модели и для обоснования наиболее эффективных геолого-технических мероприятий.

Aiming at the issues for 3-dimensionals localization and quantitative prediction of concealed ore body in the deep and margin parts of the Fenghuangshan ore field in Tongling, Anhui, a quantitative analysis method for geological ore-controlling factors is proposed. Firstly, based on the analysis of metallogenic conditions and integrated geological exploration data, the three-dimensional shapes of the ore-controlling geological bodies such as strata, structures, magmatic bodies and ore bodies were inferred and simulated in three-dimensional visualization environment by dint of three-dimensional geological modeling technology. Secondly, from the three-dimensional grid geological models, some 3-dimensional shapes of some complex ore-controlling geological bodies with overlay surfaces, were analyzed by morphological operations and extracted as the geological ore-controlling factors. Lastly, the field models of various geological ore-controlling factors, including the magmatic body and its surface relief, the contact zone, the strata, the faults and so on, were set up to describe quantitatively geological ore-controlling effects. By analyzing quantitatively the associated relationship between the geological ore-controlling factors and the mineralization distribution, It is proved that the extracted geological ore-controlling factors have more powerful controlling effects on mineralization spatial distribution. The method is feasible to gain the quantitative geological ore-controlling indexes for indicating the ore-formation advantage degree.

The three-dimensional geological engineering model representing the coupling relationship between geological engineering objects is the major focus of researches on three-dimensional geoscience modeling. However, a large number of challenging interactive human-computer operations is still essential in the current geological engineering modeling methods. In order to achieve full automation, a new automatic geological engineering modeling method is systematically studied and proposed in this paper. The method uses TP (Tri-Prism) volume featured by vertical side edge as the modeling primitive. First, the three-dimensional geological model which characterizes the complete interior structure and topology of the geological object is constructed based on borehole data, and the engineering model is constructed by sequential section modeling approach. The geological model and the engineering model are treated as the base model and constraint model respectively for integration. Then, the coupling of geological and engineering models is achieved by the efficient “body-surface” intersection algorithm and projective reconstruction algorithm for TP-based model with its intraformational projective characteristic. Finally, the geological engineering model is automatically reconstructed through this workflow. The experiment demonstrates that the proposed method could build seamless three-dimensional volumetric geological engineering model fully automatically and all features of TP-based volumetric model are still maintained within the model, which satisfies the requirement for volumetric model analysis.

Automatic and dynamic updating of three-dimensional ore body models from borehole and excavation data using the implicit function HRBF

Three dimensional geologic modeling is a powerful tool for reservoir development stages of geological study, it can solves many traditional problems existing in geological research through the establishment of precise three dimensional geologic modeling and represents an important direction for the further development of oilfield geological research. Low permeability and thin interbed reservoir of complex fault block have the characteristics of severe heterogeneity, complex relations of oil-water distribution, poor development effect, it is necessary to built high precision three dimensional geologic modeling in the process of oilfield exploration and to fine reservoir description and prediction on this basis, finally reach the purpose of reduce the risk of development and improve the economic benefit. This paper makes geological modeling research and builds structural models sedimentary micro-facies models and phased property model for Zhuzhuang block of Jiangsu oilfield by utilizing three dimensional geologic modeling technique and petrel geology modeling software on the basis of integrated using of geology, logging, oil production test, production of dynamic information, thus it provide a solid basis for reservoir's development and adjustment.

The technological advancements in computing power in the last 30 years have enabled the practical visualization of complex geological environments in three-dimensional (3D) space. 3D models and their application in the mining industry are becoming increasingly important, for example, to identify future exploration areas and targets, for mineral assessment and evaluation, and prediction and planning of future drill-holes. However, acquiring borehole data is an expensive practice, with drilling programmes costing mining companies up to billions of dollars each year. Tighter financial constraints on exploration budgets result in more pressure being put on three-dimensional models to accurately identify future target areas. This article aims to evaluate the potential drilling success of simulated greenfield and brownfield exploration using a 3D geological model created of Leeuwpoort tin mine. These simulations investigate the probability of intersecting a mineralized zone of economic interest and evaluate how the probability is affected when the number of drill-holes and distance from a known intersection changes. Furthermore, these simulations attempt to obtain an indication for the minimum number of drill-holes required for a successful exploration campaign at the mine. The investigation also aims to establish a first-pass attempt towards developing a 'favoured procedure' for identifying potential exploration targets for tin deposits with geological and geochemical characteristics similar to Leeuwpoort. The results for the 'favoured procedure' established are statistically tested using the 'bootstrapping' method. By simulating various exploration scenarios, the study also emphasises the importance of predicting successful drilling, which aids in budgeting for drilling programmes as the minimum number of drillholes needed for a specific exploration project can be determined.

Three-dimensional geological survey was based on the surface geological mapping, which was to solve the major geological problems; it was a comprehensive three-dimensional geological survey, which used modern geological theories, advanced integrated exploration methods and three-dimensional visual information technology.The integrated comprehensive display on 3D geological model is the major means to solve the more types and complex sources of 3D geological mapping model.This paper combined actual application achievements of 3D geological model integrated display by Xiang shan's 3D geological survey, it also discussed and analyzed systematically the design ideology, system architecture and ideas of technical realization, in order to provide a new ideas and methods for domestic integrated display about three-dimensional geological model.

Three-dimensional geological modelling and multivariate statistical analysis of water chemistry data to analyse and visualise aquifer structure and groundwater composition in the Wairau Plain, Marlborough District, New Zealand

The 3D geological modeling is the prerequisite and core foundation for Digital Mine. Although this new technology brings new opportunities and motivation for the mineral exploration industry, it still has many difficulties to be solved in this area. Based on the characteristics of mine data and the aim of Digital Mine construction, this paper introduces a theory including multi-source data coupling, multi-modeling methods integration, multi-resolution visualization and detection, and multidimensional data analysis and application. By analyzing problems such as the uncertainty in each step of the modeling process, we designed a novel modeling method that can be applied to the complex geological body modeling, mineral resource/reserve estimation, and the mining exploration engineering. Along with the process of mine exploration, development, and reclamation, 3D modeling undergoes the process of “construction-simulation-revision” during which the 3D model is able to be dynamically updated and gradually improved. Based on the result of practical utilization, it is proven that the methodology introduced by this paper can be used to build an effective 3D model by fully using the mining data under the control of spatial information quality evaluation. Our experiments show that such a 3D model can be used to evaluate the mine resource and provide the scientific evidence to improve mining efficiency during the various stages of evolvement process in mine.

Ased on the analysis that the application of the subdivision surfaces modeling technology is feasible in the three-dimensional geological modeling, and for the problem of data coherence between the various public faces in the multi-body modeling process of the three-dimensional geological modeling, the border stitching algorithm is proposed based on an improved butterfly subdivision strategy, and makes the different subdivision degrees of model smoothing out. The technology of view depend subdivision surface is introduced into three-dimensional geological surface model construction, and to help the establishment of three-dimensional geological structure of the LOD model. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the method is verified by taking a certain city area as the studying area and carrying out experiment of the application of the method presented by this paper.

Ased on the analysis that the application of the subdivision surfaces modeling technology is feasible in the three-dimensional geological modeling, and for the problem of data coherence between the various public faces in the multi-body modeling process of the three-dimensional geological modeling, the border stitching algorithm is proposed based on an improved butterfly subdivision strategy, and makes the different subdivision degrees of model smoothing out. The technology of view depend subdivision surface is introduced into three-dimensional geological surface model construction, and to help the establishment of three-dimensional geological structure of the LOD model. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the method is verified by taking a certain city area as the studying area and carrying out experiment of the application of the method presented by this paper.

Accurate terrain data should be obtained in order to research geological structure modeling problem, and it is difficult to truly reflect the form of three-dimensional geological body by traditional three-dimensional spatial data model method. By taking geological structure modeling problem as research object, this paper analyzes geological modeling principles, builds the volume element model of octree subdivision algorithm, proposes to build a three-dimensional geological body by octree subdivision algorithm based on multi-scale, meets the needs of multi-scale organization of data as well as multi-scale division of geological bodies and attributes based on the geological object expression of octree subdivision algorithm, establishes the links between various geological objects through spatial volume element, lays a good foundation for spatial analysis and provides data support for the three-dimensional visualization of geology. The results of simulation experiment show that the proposed geological modeling method through octree subdivision algorithm is accurate and efficient, and it can adapt to the construction of three-dimensional complex geological model under common complex geological conditions and reflect the true form of three-dimensional geological body.

3D geological modeling for mineral resource assessment of the Tongshan Cu deposit, Heilongjiang Province, China

This study examines the development trajectory and current trends of three-dimensional (3D) geological modelling. In recent years, due to the rising global energy demand and the increasing frequency of regional geological disasters, significant progress has been made in this field. The purpose of this study is to clarify the potential complexity of 3D geological modelling, identify persistent challenges, and propose potential avenues for improvement. The main objectives include simplifying the modelling process, improving model accuracy, integrating different data sources, and quantitatively evaluating model parameters. This study integrates global research in this field, focusing on the latest breakthroughs and applications in mineral exploration, engineering geology, geological disaster assessment, and military geosciences. For example, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tilt photography technology, multisource data fusion, 3D geological modelling method based on machine learning, etc. By identifying areas for improvement and making recommendations, this work aims to provide valuable insights to guide the future development of geological modelling toward a more comprehensive and accurate “Transparent Earth”. This review underscores the global applications of 3D geological modelling, highlighting its crucial role across various sectors such as mineral exploration, the oil and gas industry, urban planning, geological hazard assessment, and geoscientific research. The review emphasizes the sector-specific importance of this technology in enhancing modelling accuracy and efficiency, optimizing resource management, driving technological innovation, and improving disaster response capabilities. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of how 3D geological modelling can significantly impact and benefit multiple industries worldwide.

Three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling technology offers intricate geological information services and technical support for the research of urban geological conditions and their evolutionary mechanisms. It further facilitates the analysis of environmental geological problems, encompassing their distinguishing features and genetic mechanisms. The precision of such three-dimensional models is predominantly influenced by the caliber of modeling data, the chosen modeling methodologies, and the intricacy of the modeled geological objects. This research, exemplified by the three-dimensional geological structure modeling of the Wuhan metropolitan development area, aims to explore a comprehensive three-dimensional modeling framework for urban geology, particularly in scenarios with large-scale and complex geological conditions. This study holds significant technical value in enhancing the application of 3D geological modeling, as well as practical importance for urban geological investigations and research.