Abstract
We show that focusing a laser light onto the boundary between antiparallel ferroelectric domains leads to the non-collinear generation of two second harmonic (SH) beams. The beams are emitted in a plane normal to the domain boundaries at the angles that satisfy the Cerenkov-type phase matching condition. Moreover, these beam disappear when the laser light is focused on a homogenous part of a single domain. We utilize this effect for 3-dimensional visualization of fine details of the ferroelectric domain pattern with a submicron accuracy.
Highlights
Nonlinear photonic structures (NPS) are a new class of engineered materials that have constant refractive index, but spatially modulated 2nd order nonlinear susceptibility
The exact nature of this effect is still unclear, being attributed either to the existing of broad spectra of reciprocal vectors in NPS that contribute to the Cerenkovtype phase matching [7, 8] or to the enhancement of the 2nd order susceptibility at the inverted domains boundaries due to strong local electric fields [10]
As all the existing studies were limited to 1D NPS, even less is known about internal domain structure in NPS with 2D periodicity, preventing further optimization of the fabrication process, designing more complex structures for advanced applications and understanding the origin of defect formation
Summary
Nonlinear photonic structures (NPS) are a new class of engineered materials that have constant refractive index, but spatially modulated 2nd order nonlinear susceptibility Their development has revolutionized the field of nonlinear optics because they offer a new versatile way to realize efficient nonlinear optical interactions [1, 2, 3, 4], but even more importantly allow the exploration of novel classes of light-matter interactions [5, 6]. The induced domain structures have been analyzed by selective etching [12], scanning electron microscopy [13] , atomic force microscopy [14], etc These methods only provide information on the surface structure while the internal structure of NPS, which can be diverse and complex, remains inaccessible for the nondestructive observations [15]. As all the existing studies were limited to 1D NPS, even less is known about internal domain structure in NPS with 2D periodicity, preventing further optimization of the fabrication process, designing more complex structures for advanced applications and understanding the origin of defect formation
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