Abstract
We present a parts-per-million test of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in the HD + molecular hydrogen ion, improving on previous tests based on vibrational and rotational transitions by factors of 76 and 1.4, respectively. The test is performed following a unified statistical approach that also produces improved constraints on physics beyond the standard model. We furthermore show how individual constraints derived from the various degrees of freedom in HD + and antiprotonic helium can be combined to enhance the sensitivity, thus ruling out “fifth forces” on the Angstrom scale that are 10 11 times weaker than the electromagnetic interaction.
Highlights
We present a parts-per-million test of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in the HD+ molecular hydrogen ion, improving on previous tests based on vibrational and rotational transitions by factors of 76 and 1.4, respectively
The standard model (SM) of particle physics is challenged by open questions concerning matter-antimatter asymmetry and the nature of dark matter and dark energy, which motivate searches for new physics (NP) beyond the standard model
Besides experiments at ever increasing interaction energies, precision measurements on particles, atoms, and molecules can provide low-energy SM tests through comparison with comparably accurate predictions obtained by relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics (QED)
Summary
The standard model (SM) of particle physics is challenged by open questions concerning matter-antimatter asymmetry and the nature of dark matter and dark energy, which motivate searches for new physics (NP) beyond the standard model. Only the rotational transition was used to test QED and constrain NP [8], where it was noted that the sensitivity was limited by the uncertainty of the CODATA-18 value of the proton-electron mass ratio, mp/me, used in the theoretical calculation [25].
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