Thorny-headed worms (Acanthocephala) of the Patagonian blennie Eleginops maclovinus (Cuvier) from northern Patagonia, Argentina.

Stocking density affects the growth performance, intermediary metabolism, osmoregulation, and response to stress in Patagonian blennie Eleginops maclovinus

Caligus rogercresseyi is the dominant sea louse parasite affecting the salmon and trout industry in southern Chile. This parasite has a wide range of native and endemic fish hosts. The Patagonian blenny Eleginops maclovinus, which is parasitized mostly by the caligid species Lepeophtheirus spp. and C. rogercresseyi, is presumably responsible for the transmission of C. rogercresseyi to salmonids. The aim of this study was to characterize the transmission of parasites between different fish species and parasite cohort development under laboratory conditions. Parasite abundances and intensities were quantified. Transmission of parasites from Patagonian blenny to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar was lower (~9%, mainly corresponding to C. rogercresseyi) than from salmon to Patagonian blenny (14.7-26.9%, where only C. rogercresseyi were observed). This suggests that the transmission of C. rogercresseyi from salmon individuals is higher than the transmission from a native fish. Parasite cohorts developed successfully on both fish species, but apparently under different developmental rates. Water temperature, oxygen, and juvenile abundances were the variables that better explained cohort development success and variation in C. rogercresseyi adult abundances over time.

The effects of intraperitoneal administration of Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis on hepatic intermediary metabolism and indicators of stress in Patagonian blennie Eleginops maclovinus.

Patagonia is an understudied area, especially when it comes to population genomic studies with relevance to fishery management. However, the dynamic and heterogeneous landscape in this area can harbor an important but cryptic genetic population structure. Once such information is revealed, it can be integrated into the management of infrequently investigated species. Eleginops maclovinus is a protandrous hermaphrodite species with economic importance for local communities that are currently managed as a single genetic unit. In this study, we sampled five locations distributed across a salinity cline from Northern Patagonia to investigate the genetic population structure of E. maclovinus. We used restriction site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing and outlier tests to obtain neutral and adaptive loci, using FST and GEA approaches. We identified a spatial pattern of structuration with gene flow and spatial selection by environmental association. Neutral and adaptive loci showed two and three genetic groups, respectively. The effective population sizes estimated ranged from 572 (Chepu) to 14,454 (Chaitén) and were influenced more by locality than by salinity cline. We found loci putatively associated with salinity suggesting that salinity may act as a selective driver in E. maclovinus populations. These results suggest a complex interaction between genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection in this area. Our findings also suggest several evolutionary significant units in this area, and the information should be integrated into the management of this species. We discussed the significance of these results for fishery management and suggest future directions to improve our understanding of how E. maclovinus has adapted to the dynamic waters of Northern Patagonia.

For nearly a century, the artisanal fishery in San Antonio Bay, northern Patagonia, has relied on habitats crucial for fish spawning, nursery, and feeding. This study characterizes the composition and temporal dynamics of the coastal fish assemblage and evaluates its relationship with the artisanal fishery by comparing current findings with historical records. Sampling was conducted bi-monthly over two annual cycles in traditional fishing grounds. The abundance and biomass of each captured species were quantified and standardized per haul based on the area swept by the net. Of the 17 fish species identified, Odontesthes argentinensis was the most abundant while Eleginops maclovinus was the most represented in terms of biomass. While biomass remained constant, a significant seasonal effect was observed in fish abundance, which increased during the warmer months. Compared to 1990s records, species composition and dominance shifted, particularly with the replacement of O. platensis by O. argentinensis. Additionally, current data revealed a higher prevalence of juvenile individuals, and a lower occurrence of large fish compared to historical observations. Target species have remained relatively consistent since the early years of fishery activity, and overall fishing capacity has increased in the past decade. Yet, catch volumes are at their lowest point. Changes in fish species dominance in the SAB assemblage may stem from population cycles, and climate change, while the decline of the fish landings relates to socioeconomic factors. Long-term monitoring of coastal fish assemblage dynamics is essential for effective management of this artisanal fishery.

Degenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System

The Patagonian blennie Eleginops maclovinus is a coastal and estuarine species, important in recreational and commercial fisheries, and with aquaculture potential. This study assessed the effect of temperature on feeding and the allocation of energy in growth and swimming in a sub-Antarctic population. For growth experiments, two groups of 8 juveniles were reared at 4 and 10 °C (corresponding to winter and summer habitat temperatures, respectively) for 3 months. Swimming experiments were conducted at 5 and 10 °C, measuring the oxygen consumption before and after forced swimming for 1 min at a speed of 10 total lengths (TL)/s. Temperature affects growth. TL increased 0.09 cm at 4 °C versus 0.30 cm at 10 °C. Body mass grew 0.49 g at 4 °C versus 1.65 g at 10 °C, whereas the Fulton’s condition factor increased 0.021 at 4 °C versus 0.080 at 10 °C. The ingested food was more than twofold higher at 10 than at 4 °C, while the feces produced at 4 °C was about twofold higher. The scope between baseline and peak oxygen consumption after forced swimming was affected by temperature, being 4.51 at 5 °C and 3.03 at 10 °C. The percentage energy expenditure until the return of baseline oxygen consumption values showed a marked temperature effect, being higher at 5 °C. We propose the existence of a trade-off in the allocation of energy between swimming activity and growth, with proportionally more energy being consumed at low temperatures for swimming than for other physiological functions like growth.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os papilomas de vias respiratórias são tumores benignos, de caráter recorrente e progressivo, induzidos por vírus. Sua etiologia está relacionada com infecções por papilloma virus humano, sendo descritas duas formas clínicas: juvenil e adulta. OBJETIVO: Comparar as duas formas de apresentação, juvenil e adulta, observando se há diferenças epidemiológicas ou clínicas entre elas. DESENHO DO ESTUDO: Coorte histórica. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Realizou-se estudo dos pacientes atendidos na Clínica Otorrinolaringológica do HC-FMUSP com diagnóstico de papilomatose laríngea entre 1990 e 1999. Cinqüenta e um pacientes foram identificados, mas sete não confirmaram o diagnóstico. Assim, 44 indivíduos foram a base desta revisão, sendo 47,72% da forma juvenil e 52,27% da forma adulta. RESULTADOS: Não houve predomínio entre os sexos (p=0,98). A idade média de início dos sintomas foi de 5,3 anos na forma juvenil e 42,6 anos na forma adulta. A dispnéia foi mais prevalente na forma juvenil (p=0,03). A taxa de recidiva geral foi de 66%, sendo de 76,2% na forma juvenil e 56,5% na forma adulta (p=0,17). A incidência de recidiva precoce (<3 meses) foi maior na forma juvenil (p<0,001). Observamos 13% de transformação maligna na forma adulta da doença. CONCLUSÕES: Na forma juvenil, ocorreram recidivas precoces associadas a quadros de dispnéia, necessitando de múltiplas intervenções. Na forma adulta, também observamos alta taxa de recidivas, com índice elevado de transformação maligna. Tratamentos que aumentem o tempo entre as recidivas se fazem necessários nas duas formas de apresentação da doença.

Journal of Applied IchthyologyVolume 29, Issue 4 p. 940-942 Short communication First occurrence of the Patagonian blennie, Eleginops maclovinus (Cuvier, 1830) and the silverside Odontesthes smitti (Lahille, 1929), in a temperate south-western Atlantic coastal lagoon M. González-Castro, Corresponding Author M. González-Castro Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces (BIMOPE), IIMyC- CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Author's address: Mariano González-Castro, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC-CONICET), Facultad de, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, B7602AYL, Mar del Plata, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorS. M. Delpiani, S. M. Delpiani Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces (BIMOPE), IIMyC- CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this authorD. O. Bruno, D. O. Bruno Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces (BIMOPE), IIMyC- CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this authorJ. M. Díaz de Astarloa, J. M. Díaz de Astarloa Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces (BIMOPE), IIMyC- CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this author M. González-Castro, Corresponding Author M. González-Castro Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces (BIMOPE), IIMyC- CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Author's address: Mariano González-Castro, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC-CONICET), Facultad de, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, B7602AYL, Mar del Plata, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorS. M. Delpiani, S. M. Delpiani Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces (BIMOPE), IIMyC- CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this authorD. O. Bruno, D. O. Bruno Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces (BIMOPE), IIMyC- CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this authorJ. M. Díaz de Astarloa, J. M. Díaz de Astarloa Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces (BIMOPE), IIMyC- CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 March 2013 https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12171Citations: 6Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume29, Issue4August 2013Pages 940-942 RelatedInformation

Eunice aphroditois (Pallas, 1788) is a large polychaete worm (up to 3 m in length) and the type species of the genus. In Japan, a similar but potentially different species, Eunice cf. aphroditois, is distributed mainly in the rocky shores of the temperate and warm Pacific coasts. Juveniles and adults were suggested to be distinguished by their body color. The juvenile form was previously regarded as distinct species, Eunice flavopicta Izuka, 1912 and Eunice ovalifera Fauvel, 1936, although they are now considered synonymous with E. aphroditois. In this study, we revisited the validity of the present taxonomy based on morphological observations including SEM and microCT, and three molecular markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI], 16S rRNA, and histone H3 genes) and investigated the phylogenetic position of E. cf. aphroditois in the family Eunicidae using the combined dataset of three genes (COI + 16S rRNA + 18S rRNA). The adult and juvenile forms were different in body size, color, the distribution of the branchiae and subacicular hooks, and maxillae shape, but not in other characteristics. One individual showed an intermediate body color between the two forms. The adult and juvenile forms shared major haplotypes and the maximum K2P genetic distance of COI was 1.7%, which can be considered within intraspecific variation. In the phylogenetic tree based on the combined gene dataset, E. cf. aphroditois was closely related to Eunice roussaei Quatrefages, 1866 and Eunice cf. violaceomaculata Ehlers, 1887, which are large species from the Mediterranean Sea and the Caribbean Sea, respectively.

In South America, the fossil record of thyreophorans is scarce compared with that of Laurasian landmasses. The earliest finds date back to the first half of the twentieth century and consist of an isolated scute and incomplete caudal vertebrae from Upper Cretaceous beds in northern Patagonia. For decades, South American ankylosaurian remains were represented by isolated and poorly informative specimens, but this has recently changed with discovery of the nearly complete skeleton of Stegouros elengassen, from Maastrichtian beds in southern Chile. The aim of the present study is to report on new fossils of armoured dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) Allen Formation at the Arriagada Farm locality near Salitral Ojo de Agua in Río Negro Province. The new specimens include teeth, scutes and a partial sacrum belonging to at least three individuals. These derive from a different locality than the coeval Patagopelta cristata, which is the only currently named armoured dinosaur from Argentine Patagonia. Some of the remains were found intermingled with bones and eggs belonging to the alvarezsaurid theropod Bonapartenykus ultimus and thus constitute a novel dinosaur life assemblage from South America. Rodrigo Álvarez Nogueira* [ralvareznogueira@gmail.com]; Federico L. Agnolín [fedeagnolin@yahoo.com.ar]; Sebastián Rozadilla [sebastianrozadilla@gmail.com]; Mauro Aranciaga-Rolando [mauro.a_guido@hotmail.com]; Fernando E. Novas [fernovas@yahoo.com.ar], Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”—CONICET, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Fil: Montes de Oca, Fernanda. Administracion de Parques Nacionales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina

Recent research on the backarc mantle lithosphere in Patagonia has shown that it suffered a regional, pervasive, re-crystallisation and that the regions to the north and south of the latitude of the actual triple point (40°30’) between the Antartctica, Nazca and South America plate present important differences in the regional distribution of metasomatic components. Subduction of the Chile ridge is believed to have induced an interruption in the subducting plate (slab window, D’0razio et al. 2001, Gorring and Kay, 2001), upraise and melting of the sub-slab astenosphere, producing the abundant plateau and postplateu OIB like lavas, which record slab component only in the westernmost occurrences (Stern et al., 1990). The Cerro de los Chenques locality occurs immediately to the north of the latitude of the Triple point, it overlays the subducted Nazca plate and occurs at the edge of the putative slab window. It is, therefore, of especial importance for revealing the processes and constraining the metasomatic components of the mantle wedge in a complex geotectonic situation. Xenoliths occurring in alkaline lavas are predominately granular to porphyroblastic spinel-facies lherzolites, being harzburgites and dunites less abundant. They do not contain hydrous phases, but may contain trace amounts of glass derived from infiltration of the host basalt. They record equilibrium temperature in the range of 900-1100°C. Bulk-rock and mineral phases exhibit major element variation trends apparently consistent with melting and melt removal processes. This is also the case for moderately incompatible elements (e.g. HREE) in bulk rock and clinopyroxene, but not for highly incompatible elements. In lherzolites, clinopyroxene varies from moderately LREE depleted (Cen/Ybn 0.26 – 0.91) to moderately LREEenriched (Cen/Ybn up to 2.6), being the REE pattern virtually flat in the range Eu – Lu at a 2 to 5 xPM concentration level. Harzburgitic clinopyroxene is LREE-enriched and the whole REE pattern varies from U-shaped to steadily fractionated (Cen/Ybn 14.4) In dunite, cpx is slightly LREE enriched. All the pyroxenes are enriched in Th, U and La with respect to Nb and Ta and depleted in Ti and Pb with respect to Gd and Ce, respectively. The 87Sr/86Sr value in clinopyroxene ranges 0.70279 – 0.70423 and 143Nd/144Nd 0.51279 – 0.51349. In the Sr-Nd isotope diagram, clinopyroxenes constitute a tight array (R2 = 0.79) between a highly depleted end-member and a component enriched in 87Sr/86Sr with respect to BE. The C. Chenques array runs at higher 87Sr/86Sr than the field of the Gobernador Gregores xenoliths and it is followed also by the xenoliths from P. Indios and E. Alvares (northern Patagonia) and Fraile and Cumbres (south of the volcanic gap). It is also on line at the enriched side with the isotope values of the C. Pampa, Lautaro and Aguilera adakites (those closest to the present occurrence). Isotope variations correlate with bulk-rock and cpx composition, so that the increase of 87Sr/86Sr correlates in cpx with an increase of the Mg# value and Sr, Zr, LREE, Pb, Th and U concentrations and with the decrease of Na, Fe, Ti, V, Y, Nb and HREE concentrations. Obviously the 143Nd/144Nd variation with respect to the geochemical parameters has the opposite behaviour of Sr. Assuming higher porosity in depleted peridotites, these data may indicate that a metasomatic agent affected a mantle that suffered previous variable depletion, being the amount of the metasomatic component proportional to the depletion. Alternatively, the variation trends may indicate melting triggered by the addition of a metasomatic agent and removal of the resulting hybrid melt. The increase of the highly incompatible element concentrations with increasing isotope fertility favours the first possibility. The trace element - isotope relationships reveal that the added component was enriched in LILE, LREE, Zr and depleted in Nb and Ti. These are characteristics expected in components derived from the subducting slab. The similarity of the potential melts estimated from clinopyroxene with the Patagonia arc magmas supports this conclusion. More detailed information on the composition of the subducted plate is provided by the correlations of isotopes with Th/La, Pb/U, Ce/Pb, Nb/U and Zr/Hf, showing that the metasomatic component was enriched in Pb with respect to U, in Ce with respect to Pb, in Th with respect to La, thus suggesting contribution of altered oceanic crust, pelagic sediments and, possibly, continental detritus components occurring in the trench. However, Klein and Karsten (1995) have documented the occurrence of Chile ridge basalts having arc-like geochemistry. Subduction of the Nazca plate related to one of these segments may control the composition of the metasomatic agent.

:In this study of northern Patagonia in Argentina, we examined the annual cycle of the epiphyte composition and abundance on Ulva sp. with respect to intertidal elevation, season and position on host. We found spatial segregation in most environmental gradients. Local environmental conditions, intertidal levels, seasons and portion of host thalli had specific patterns of algal epiphytic community. The host population exhibited seasonality and differential morphological attributes according to the intertidal elevation. Thalli of Ulva sp. had the highest maximum diameters and were heavier in spring and summer at the upper elevation. Epiphytes were more abundant growing on host thalli at middle elevations. Epiphytic Dinophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae presented clear seasonality. Epiphyte abundances were related to periods with high seawater temperature, long days and high radiation. Lyngbya sp., Cocconeis sp., Navicula spp., Rhabdonema arcuatum, Stylonema alsidii and Myrionema strangulans had the highest frequency. The highest epiphyte abundance was observed in holdfasts, with M. strangulans having the highest frequency and cover. These results are relevant to commercial aquaculture ventures for food and feed sources and application in bioremediation.

The neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses, a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases in children and in adults, have now been recognized for some 90 years, and the childhood forms represent one of the largest groups of progressive neurodegenerative diseases in children. Apart from a core group of major clinical forms-the infantile, the late-infantile, the juvenile, and the adult forms--numerous atypical patients afflicted with neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis have now been identified, constituting 10% to 20% of all patients with neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. These "atypical" patients have, over the past 10 years, prompted the suggestion of 15 atypical variants or minor syndromes, many of them displaying the lipopigments of classic curvilinear and fingerprint ultrastructure, but others displaying granular osmiophilic deposits. The former lipopigments contain the subunit C of the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase, but lipopigments of the granular osmiophilic deposits including the classic infantile type Santavuori-Haltia, apparently do not, the latter type exhibiting sphingolipid activator proteins. The nosologic significance of both the subunit C of the adenosine triphosphate synthase and the sphingolipid activator proteins, although they make up a considerable amount of the crude auto-fluorescent lipopigments in neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, is still unclear. In spite of numerous pathogenetic principles invoked, such as a defect in lipid peroxidation, abnormalities of dolichols and dolichol phosphates, and defects in protease inhibitors, precise pathogenesis and etiology of the neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses remain elusive. Recent promising molecular genetic studies have, however, revealed the gene for infantile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, CLN1, on chromosome 1p32; the gene for juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, CLN3, on chromosome 16p12.1-11.2; and the gene for a Finnish variant of late-infantile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, CLN5, on chromosome 13q31-32. The genes for classic late-infantile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, CLN2, and for adult neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, CLN4, have not been located, the former having been excluded from chromosomes 1 and 16. However, the gene products of the normal allelic forms have not yet been identified. A considerable number of sporadic animal models is now available, largely equivalent to the juvenile and infantile forms of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, with those of the English setter and the South Hampshire sheep evaluated best. Recently, several mouse models have been added to this list of autosomal-recessive models, again the one most thoroughly studied being the motor-neuron disease mouse. Progress has also been made in the prenatal diagnosis of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis: now the infantile, late-infantile, and juvenile forms can be recognized prenatally by a combined genetic and electron microscopic approach.