Thomas Peace, The Slow Rush of Colonization: Spaces of Power in the Maritime Peninsula, 1680-1790, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2023

Review: River of Memory: The Everlasting Columbia By William D. Layman Reviewed by Robert D. Hook Moscow, Idaho, USA Layman, William D., River of Memory: The Everlasting Columbia. Wenatchee, WA: Wenatchee Valley Museum in association with the University of Washington, Seattle, and the British Columbia Press, Vancouver, 2006.165pp. ISBN 0-295-98592-5 (Pbk: paper) US $24.95. Ever wonder what the Columbia River was like before all the dams were built? William D. Layman has created an exhibit that explores the Columbia from its mouth, where it pours into the Pacific Ocean near Astoria, Oregon, upstream to its source in Columbia Lake, British Columbia. He presents the Columbia as it existed during the century from 1860 to 1960. This exhibit will travel to six museums in the Northwest until September 2008. (The dates at each location are included on the page following the title page.) Layman’s book, based on the exhibit, is composed for the most part of photographs, including some taken by such noted photographers as Carleton Watkins and Asahel Curtis. It is divided into segments, each following a section of the river and each with its own historic map and pictures of the native fish species which inhabit (or inhabited) that section of the river. The cartography includes a variety of styles. River of Memory valuable for the photographs alone, but it is enriched by narratives and poetry. Sources range from diaries of early explorers through modern-day writers. It is an interesting book from beginning to end or end to beginning, depending on whether one wishes to travel the river upstream or down. It is possible to jump in anywhere as each segment can be explored independently. An interesting feature is that each photo is marked by a “milepost” indicating how far it is to the mouth or to the source. The book will be an important purchase for libraries interested in developing their Pacific Northwest collections and for anyone interested in rivers and humans and how they influence each other. Aside from its historical value, this book can be appreciated for the photographs, the poetry, and the accounts of the personal impact of this powerful natural resource. If the book is any indication, the exhibit will be an enjoyable experience. Robert D. Hook, rdhook@uidaho.edu, Emeritus Librarian, University of Idaho Library, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2350, (208) 885-6066. Electronic Green Journal , Issue 26, Spring 2008 ISSN: 1076­7975

Reviewed by: Tales of Ghosts: First Nations Art in British Columbia, 1922–1961 Andrea N. Walsh (bio) Ronald W. Hawker. Tales of Ghosts: First Nations Art in British Columbia, 1922–1961 University of British Columbia Press. viii, 236. $85.00, $27.95 Tales of Ghosts: First Nations Art in British Columbia, 1922-1961 provides an overview of the production, circulation and consumption of art by Native artists during a period of great social and political change in British [End Page 494] Columbia and Canada. Ronald W. Hawker exposes and then considers the multiple ways in which meaning has been created and consumed around First Nations art objects by its viewing audiences. In so doing, he brings a new line to bear on the role Native art has played in the negotiation of social and geographical spaces in British Columbia. Hawker demonstrates the increasing role First Nations artists and communities have had in the positioning of their visual culture in British Columbia and Canada as objects of resistance to dominant political and social structures, rather than as simple objects for the intellectually curious, or for the tourist's gaze. The projects and art considered in the book are referred to by Hawker as 'public' art. They are pieces of art that were made for, or transferred to the public domain primarily by non-Native government or civilian officials. Hawker relies solely on the textual history of this era that remains in archives to inform his perspective. He states early on in the book that interviews with contemporary individuals would have complicated the reading of such sources. Hence he relies on the presence of First Nations voices in historical documents as well as those of non-Native participants, rather than seek to understand how the events he describes in his book are remembered today by the original participants, or how individuals memories of specific events circulate to create meaning for art today. The book's ten chapters adhere to a loose chronology of events that chart the emergence of northwest coast art into public spaces. The foci of chapters include the infamous Cranmer Potlatch and confiscation of regalia by Indian Agent Halliday; the erection of totem poles in Stanley Park and Salish protest over such plans; the attempt by the federal government to bring the symbols of northwest coast art into the fold of national identity through totem pole preservation efforts in northern BC and a modern art exhibition in Ottawa that included named individual northwest coast artists; an examination of Depression-era political economics in which art was seen as a way by which Aboriginal people could be assimilated into the nation (in particular the plans of Rev George Raley are critiqued); the BC Indian Arts and Welfare Society's model of social reform through arts education for Native artists is considered through the work of Alice Ravenhill and Anthony Walsh; the use of art by carvers Mathias Joe and Mungo Martin and painter George Clutesi to bring attention to the growing tension over political differences and land disputes between Native and non-Native peoples; the efforts to 'preserve' Native heritage through museum and university programs driven by the agendas of a new league of non-Native 'experts' in Native art round out the book's content. Hawker has laid a foundation for an interesting discussion on northwest coast art during the mid-twentieth century. The strength of this book is also its weakness. In trying to cover so much ground in one publication, Hawker is unable at times to give the reader desired details. As well, he [End Page 495] does not allocate space to theorize critically the events he discusses. Hawker's choice to leave out contemporary voices and opinions leaves him open to the error of repeating inaccuracies in the historical record, and to critique over his interpretation of historical sources. A case in point is his discussion of the youth artist Francis Baptiste and the Inkameep Day School. Hawker repeatedly names the artist incorrectly as François Batiste (Baptiste signed his name Batiste on some paintings), and he haphazardly links references of the physical abuse suffered by students at the Colqualeeza residential school to his discussion of...

Leslie A. Robertson. Imagining Difference: Legend, Curse, and Spectacle in a Canadian Mining Town. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2005. Pp. xlv, 300.

Reviewed by: Making Native Space: Colonialism, Resistance and Reserves in British Columbia Jean-Paul Restoule (bio) R.C. Harris. Making Native Space: Colonialism, Resistance and Reserves in British Columbia University of British Columbia Press 2002. xiii, 418. $85.00, $29.95 This is an important book for historians, geographers, lawyers, government officials, and scholars of Aboriginal studies. But it deserves to reach a wider audience because it speaks to fundamental issues of Canada's founding, namely, the dispossession of the original peoples living here. In British Columbia, where the question of Aboriginal title was not satisfactorily settled over most of the land, this issue is particularly volatile. Why were the people limited to, in most cases, small reserves? How could this be done without addressing the matter of Aboriginal title? Did Aboriginal people not resist? Harris addresses these issues, outlining the development of reserve policy in BC and chronicling Native resistance to this process. Harris's work is exceptional for several reasons. One is that his is the first work to sustain such an extensive focus on BC reserve policy. Harris suggests that the outcome of BC's land question was by no means inevitable. In making his case, Harris carefully presents background information to each reserve superintendent's appointments drawing on correspondence and journals to present the development of political goals and ideology. Particular 'colonizers' such as James Douglas, factor of the Hudson's Bay Company in 1849 and soon after governor of British Columbia, and Malcolm Gilbert Sproat, Indian Reserve commissioner from 1876 to 1880, changed their views on the land question as they spent more time among [End Page 468] Native people and actually listened to their concerns. Harris suggests that the position of Native people in BC would be very different today had these men's views not been superseded by those of others in provincial power. Harris presents the arguments of settler colonists, showing a rivalry between local settlers and distant colonizers (first London, then Ottawa) which continues today. This contribution is enlightening, but what stands out in Harris's work is the presentation of a Native voice. While this voice is filtered through the interpretations of reserve and Royal Commissions, Harris demonstrates that from the early twentieth century until now, Native resistance was very clear. It was just not very effective when the words and actions of colonizers were backed by cannons and gunboats. As settlers continued to take the best land for agricultural and other purposes, with the full compliance of provincial power, restrictive legislation, rather than direct expressions of might, served the purpose of suppressing Native resistance for much of the twentieth century. Only in very recent times are Aboriginal people getting recognition for ideas they have consistently expressed since the earliest times of contact. Harris argues that the socio-economic needs of contemporary Native people are an inheritance of a misguided policy of dispossession and assimilation. The issue can be addressed in one of two ways, says Harris. The first of these is assimilation, or in other words, the status quo, which has proven ill advised and unworkable. The second, what Harris calls a politics of difference, he claims is the only way forward. It entails a redistribution of resources, specifically land, and with it, Native control over resources. Resting as it does on the political will of BC citizens who currently occupy these lands or receive lucrative benefits from them, Harris seems a touch pessimistic that this solution will be realized. Harris personalizes historical information by entering into the issues through individuals and their actions, focusing particularly on James Douglas, Gilbert Malcolm Sproat, Joseph Trutch (Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works, 1864-71) and Peter O'Reilly (Indian Reserve Commissioner, 1880-98). Each of these men appears to embody metonymically a greater idea of how Native land policy should be approached. Sproat, the subject of Harris's book dedication, undergoes the most dramatic 'character arc' becoming, ironically, the voice of the Native people in his last days as superintendent. Harris's writing makes Native Space read like a compelling novel as opposed to a historical treatise. Yet every interpretation is sound, documented in over fifty pages of footnotes. Harris has...

A WHITE MAN'S PROVINCE: BRITISH COLUMBIA POLITICIANS AND CHINESE AND JAPANESE IMMIGRANTS, 1858-1914. Patricia E. Roy. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1989. THE CHINESE IN CANADA. Peter S. Li. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1988. IN A STRANGE LAND: A PICTORIAL RECORD OF THE CHINESE IN CANADA, 1788-1923. Richard T. Wright. Saskatoon: Western Producer Prairie Books, 1988. In the 1960s, there were only a handful of researchers conducting studies on the Chinese, Japanese and Sikhs who have been in Canada since the late-nineteenth or early-twentieth century; their studies were primarily concerned with immigration, community, and assimilation. Over the last two decades, with the liberalization of immigration laws, the promulgation of multicultural policy, and the enactment of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the arrivals of Korean, Filipino, Indonesian, Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, Malaysian, Thai, Burmese, Pakistanis, Sri Lankanian and other Asians, the field of Asian-Canadian studies has been diversified. Research has expanded into many areas of endeavours: literature, poetry, cultural traditions, ethnic politics and economics, arts, theatre, music, fashion shows, films and exhibitions. With the increase of the Asian-Canadian population (estimated to be about 4.0 percent of the total Canadian population in 1986)1 and the corresponding increase of research into their communities and way of life, Asian-Canadian studies have become a significant academic enterprise. It is within this context I can say that the publication of the books under review make a welcome addition to the ever-expanding Asian-Canadian literature. In A White Man's Province, Patricia Roy pieces together a complex historical account of anti-Asian immigration and racial hostilities, successive anti-Asian legislation and persistent political, economic, and social discrimination against Asians in British Columbia before and around the turn of the twentieth century. We see a long tradition of British Columbia's anti-Orientalism and a systematic exclusion of its Asian immigrants. It is a tragic story showing how the powerless minorities were subjected to constant political and economic manipulation. Roy traces the development of antipathy and discrimination against the Chinese and the Japanese, and how public antipathy was exploited by the politicians in order to restrict and exclude Asians. A white man's province became a useful political slogan that could get broad support and assuage real fears that Asians could take over aspects of [the] economy or even the whole province (268). The slogan also covered a wide variety of concerns and transcended particular economic interests (267). White British Columbians were afraid that Asians would encourage low wages, poor living standards, inferior working conditions, and moral decay. One of the main theses of Roy's work hinges on her definition of race and racism. She emphasizes that if race is defined in terms of skin colour and other innate and visible physical characteristics, then race was not essential in determining, and had never been the sole source of, British Columbians' antipathy to the Asians (xiii, 267) and that British Columbians did not necessarily display racial hatred (xiii). If the definition of race is expanded to include customs and habits as well as the standard of living, then British Columbians were racists reflecting their notions of supremacy in their concept of a white man's province (viii). Certainly, racism is a complex phenomena. There is no single dominant factor that contributes to racism. It is difficult to demarcate clearly the physical from the political, economic, and social elements. Racial attitudes can be politically, economically, and socially motivated and they can be intertwined in all forms of interracial relations. Racial ideas can be used to justify political, economic, and social injustices. …

Stevenson, Susan K., Armleder, Harold M., Arsenauly, Andre, Coxson, Darwyn, Delong, S. Craig and Jull, Michael. British Columbia's Inland Rainforest: Ecology, Conservation, and Management. Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia Press, 2011. 456 pp. ISBN: 9780774818506, paperback. US$ 41.95, illustrated. Also available in hardcover format ISBN 9780774818490.A fact-filled and extremely useful offering from silvicultural and ecosystem professionals, biologists, ecologists, systems scientists and others, British Columbia's Inland Rainforest provides a snapshot, a look at the present conditions of this unique ecosystem in light of past and future management choices. Included are 128 figures, color plates and illustrations, 20 tables, three appendices, a species index, glossary and various exposes that highlight features of the text, which itself includes more than 50 sections detailing everything from carbon stocks to soil horizons to forest edge effects on plant and animal life to native medicine and many others. The book grew from a project with scientific goals-to supplement a government forestry report with data so that managers and other stakeholders could make well-informed choices. The authors made a wonderful choice to expand their scope and offer the work to the public.British Columbia's inland rainforest is unique. There is no other place on the planet where a temperate rainforest exists so far from the coast, with much of its biome determined by continental rather than coastal geography. For example, many of the species in the inland rainforest migrated from elsewhere in continental North America during the end of the last glaciation, or from the coast via specific vectors. They continue to survive in a setting that includes thousand-year-old red cedar trees and lichen species (e.g. cyanolichen) that are not found elsewhere or nowhere else in such great diversity and abundance. Snowmelt during the summer promotes groundwater abundance and a humidity level unrivaled in a continental forest setting.Here, ancient red cedar and western hemlock make unique rotted-out settings for fungus, bryophyte, lichen, vascular plants, invertebrates and vertebrate animals, dens in hollowed out trees for martens and black bears. Yet in human terms, the same trees providing the substrate for such a rich ecology have also driven management choices that have led to their destruction.Historically, such immense trees with internal voids are called decadent and forest management has opted to harvest these old landscapes to allow planting of young plantation stands that replace them, often with changes to species for a standardized harvest regime. Ironically, the work is done in winter when the marshy rainforest soil has frozen and ice roads or other means of transport can be constructed. …

Reviewed by: British Columbia by the Road: Car Culture and the Making of a Modern Landscape par Ben Bradley Michael Dawson Bradley, Ben. British Columbia by the Road: Car Culture and the Making of a Modern Landscape. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2017. Pp. 309. The notion that the automobile transformed North American society over the course of the twentieth century comes as no surprise to denizens of lecture halls and readers of textbooks. The advent of the internal combustion engine and the roadways that allowed drivers to commute, vacation, date, and trade in the comfort of their own vehicles transformed work, leisure, courtship, commerce, and countless other activities.. Sometimes such travels opened up exciting new opportunities—a remote campsite far from home, for example. On other occasions, they resulted in frustration—perhaps bumper-to-bumper traffic on a Friday afternoon that delayed the start of the weekend. What united these disparate experiences, Ben Bradley argues, was "automobility"—"the system of objects, spaces, images, habits and practices that surrounded private automobiles and public roads" (p. 232). In British Columbia by the Road, Bradley delves deep into the historical record to explore what this phenomenon meant for the landscape of the BC interior. Boasting equal parts environmental and commemoration history, Bradley's study offers fresh perspectives on tourism promotion, park development, political culture, and public history. Befitting a study focusing on driving's visual culture, the book has superb maps and photographs—including tangible evidence that today's forest-fire-prevention signs pale in comparison to the threatening discourses of the early 1950s! Keen to qualify and correct perceptions that have championed automobile travel as liberating and unfettered (particularly in comparison to rail travel), Bradley's study demonstrates that "the practice of driving and the experience of landscapes by the road were more firmly constrained than commonly recognized." After all, by travelling the same routes and visiting the same authorized and publicized stopping points, auto travellers "were all seeing the same landscapes, even if their readings of such shared experiences might be various" (p. 11). The book's organization cleverly parallels the author's aim to balance structure with the agency of his subjects, for he provides the reader with a fair amount of autonomy while effectively reinforcing his key conclusions. He offers two ways forward, Route A (four chapters examining nature) and Route B (four exploring historical commemoration) and encourages readers to determine the order of their trip. A tight conclusion brings together common themes. Route A explores the very different histories of Manning and Hamber provincial parks, both established in 1941. While Manning remains a popular [End Page 455] camping destination, Hamber became a prime example of a "failed" park (p. 66). In documenting and comparing their fates, Bradley offers a window onto a wide range of competing interests, including forestry, tourism, and wildlife-management lobbies, provincial and federal governments, and auto travellers. In doing so, he vividly illustrates the extent to which decisions about highway development shaped the parks' destinies. From our present vantage point, Manning's preservation and development might seem natural enough, but the two case studies on offer underscore the contested and contingent nature of the decisions to set aside provincial land for recreational purposes. Route B explores the kinds of history lessons that auto travellers came across as they toured the province's interior. Here the author nicely balances an analysis of the aims and initiatives of local entrepreneurs and history buffs with fresh insights into the machinations of state actors. With case studies focusing on the 1958 BC Centennial Celebrations, roadside plaques, Barkerville, and Fort Steele, Bradley documents the selectivity involved in preserving and celebrating the province's past. He also skilfully connects local decisions and conflicts to broader province- and continent-wide trends—and the role that the automobile played in exposing both British Columbians and the province's visitors to highly edited understandings of the past. An effective and self-aware conclusion neatly outlines the book's potential impact while highlighting themes demanding further study. Roads, Bradley notes, served as "a kind of cultural infrastructure" that shaped the views and experiences of the people who used them (p. 234...

Journal Article Beyond the City Limits: Rural History in British Columbia Get access Beyond the City Limits: Rural History in British Columbia. Edited by Sandwell R. W. (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1999. viii + 293 pp. Illustrations, maps, tables, notes, index. $75.00, cloth; $27.95, paper.) Doug Hurt Doug Hurt Iowa State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 31, Issue 1, Spring 2000, Pages 94–95, https://doi.org/10.2307/971268 Published: 01 February 2000

138 OHQ vol. 119, no. 1 will be rewarded with abundant detail, archival photographs, and extensive notes. Makaela Kroin Eugene, Oregon THE SECULAR NORTHWEST: RELIGION AND IRRELIGION IN EVERYDAY POSTWAR LIFE by Tina Block The University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, B.C., 2017. Tables, notes, bibliography, index. 244 pages. $35.95, paper. Religious leaders and social scientists have noted for decades that residents of the Pacific Northwest are less likely than people in other parts of North America to express religious beliefs or to participate in religious services. Using this observation as a point of departure, historian Tina Block explores both lived religion and the role of secularism in the development of a regional culture and identity in the post–World War II Northwest. For her study, Block relied on three different bodies of source material. She analyzed the writings of religious and cultural observers, many of whom lamented the fact that residents of the Northwest rarely attended church. Block also examined quantitative data, particularly information accumulated in decennial censuses in Canada. Since the U.S. censuses did not include questions about religious affiliation, Block was forced to rely on surveys for quantitative data about religious beliefs and practices in the Northwestern states. Finally, Block interviewed fortyfour people who were part of the “religiously uninvolved majority” in the Northwest (p. 3). Block’s careful reading of church leaders’ writings led her to conclude that these clergy members viewed the Northwest as a “frontier” whose economy discouraged religious affiliations and practices. These authors believed that workers, particularly transient miners, loggers, and mill workers, were by nature inclined toward secularity. Church leaders accepted the common belief that women were inherently more pious than men and frequently lamented the absence of men from their congregations. Block’s analysis clearly demonstrates that Christian clergy saw White people, rather than people of other races or ethnicities, as the cause of the “problem” of secularity. The quantitative data show that the number of people without connections to organized religion increased in both British Columbia and the Northwestern United States during the post–World War II years. The quantitative data is limited, however, and it reveals much less about religious beliefs and practices than do the writings of church leaders or Block’s interviews. Drawing on her interviews, Block shows that class and gender influenced people’s religious experiences. Some working-class people insisted that they could not go to church because they had to work, while others saw the churches as bastions of wealth and were repelled by the churches’ fund-raising. Her interviews suggest that wealthy people and working-class men found it easiest to publicly identify as atheists. Middle-class people feared the social ostracism that might accompany a public expression of atheism. Washingtonians were more reluctant than British Columbians to embrace atheism, because many Americans saw atheism and communism as closely linked. Moreover, Block notes, it was easier for men to identify as atheists than it was for women, who felt more pressure than men to attend church and to enroll their children in Sunday school. Ultimately, Block concludes, family relationships help to explain the growth of a secular regional culture in the Northwest after World War II. She points out that previous scholars have noticed the connection between the mobility of the population of the Pacific Northwest and the higher rate of secularism, but she argues that her interviews show that mobility weakened family ties and therefore made it easier for people in the Northwest to abandon religious beliefs and practices. Many Washingtonians and British Columbians left parents and siblings behind when they moved to the Pacific Coast. In their new homes, they felt little pressure to believe or to attend church regularly, even though most of Block’s interviewees bowed to societal expectations and were married in churches and had their children baptized. Debates over laws that requiredbusinessestocloseonSundaysprovide further evidence that a secular culture had solidi- 139 Reviews fied in Washington and British Columbia in the decades after the Second World War. Block’s well-researched and clearly written book constitutes a valuable contribution to the scholarly understanding of religion and secularism in the Northwest. It also raises intriguing questions...

This paper examines British Columbia press responses to Jewish persecution in Nazi Germany and Eastern Europe from 1933 to 1939. Using the Vancouver Jewish community paper as its focus, the study juxtaposes its responses with three non-Jewish papers. Vancouver Jews responded to the persecution of their coreligionists in Germany and Europe by countering neutral and skeptical reporting in the mainstream papers with explicit reporting of persecution. They tried to catalyze divided Jewish communities toward a common effort to help European Jews through fundraising efforts and lobbied for Canada to allow Jewish refugees. By 1938, they adapted to appeal to mainstream Canadian views by calling for “refugees” and “immigrants” to enter the country. They dispelled myths circulated in the non-Jewish papers about refugees and worked to change minds and gather support to convince Canada to open its doors. Finally, they emphasized that the threat of fascism was a crisis of civilization.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBOOK REVIEWSLanding Native Fisheries: Indian Reserves and Fishing Rights in British Columbia, 1849–1925. By Douglas C. Harris. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2008. xii + 266 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, tables, bibliography, and index. Cloth $85.00, paper $34.95.John SandlosJohn Sandlos Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 15, Number 3July 2010 Published for the American Society for Environmental History and the Forest History Society Views: 5Total views on this site Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emq070 Views: 5Total views on this site HistoryPublished online June 28, 2010 © 2010 The Author. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBooksCanadian Anthropology Historicizing Canadian Anthropology. Edited by Julia Harrison and Regna Darnell. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2006.Julie CruikshankJulie CruikshankDepartment of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada ([email protected]). 3 X 07 Search for more articles by this author Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada ([email protected]). 3 X 07PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Current Anthropology Volume 49, Number 2April 2008 Sponsored by the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/524776 Views: 33Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Grassroots Politicians: Party Activists in British Columbia. By Donald E. Blake, R. K. Carty, and Lynda Erickson. Vancouver: The University of British Columbia Press, 1991. 155p. 19.95 paper. - Volume 86 Issue 4

Plant Technology of the First Peoples in British Columbia: Nancy Turner (2000) Royal British Columbia Museum and First Peoples’ Cultural Foundation/University of British Columbia Press, Victoria/Vancouver, BC, ISBN 0-7748-0687-7, Can. $25.95 (pb), 256 pp., Numerous colour photographs of plants. Index, bibliography (Reprint of Plants in British Columbian Indian Technology, 1998

Infidels and the Damn Churches: Irreligion and Religion in Settler British Columbia. By Lynne Marks. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2017. xiv + 322 pp. $37.95 paper. - Volume 87 Issue 1