Thinking outside the box: a systematic review of gamification trends in children’s dance education

본 연구는 Xbox-360게임 『댄스센트럴』을 통해 댄스게임의 신체적 정서적 무용교육효과를 살펴보았다. 이에 질적연구 방법 중 사례연구방법을 선정하여 댄스게임 무경험자이자 N세대에 속하는 성인 8인을 동일집단대상으로 연구하였다. 연구는 2011년 7월 18일부터 8월 15일까지 5주 동안 총 15회 댄스게임 체험을 통해 관찰자료, 반구조화 면담, 자기보고서, 참여영상을 수집하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 신체적('선행된 리듬의 익숙함', '반복된 동작의 표현성 향상', '신체활동이 활발한 댄스게임'), 정서적('단계변화에 따른 자신감 형성과 몰입 변화', '스트레스 해소', '중독성 없는 댄스게임')으로 도출되었다.

Any organization that will develop software is faced with a difficult choice of choosing the right software development method. Whereas the software development methods used, play a significant role in the overall software development process. Software development methods are needed so that the software development process can be systematic so that it is not only completed within the right time frame but also must have good quality. There are various methods of software development in System Development Lyfe Cycle (SDLC). Each SDLC method provides a general guiding line about different software development and has different characteristics. Each method of software development has its drawbacks and advantages so that the selection of software development methods should be compatible with the capacity of the software developed. This paper will compare three different software development methods: V-Shaped Model, Parallel Development Model, and Iterative Model with the aim of providing an understanding of software developers to choose the right method.

BackgroundCore stability training has grown in popularity over 25 years, initially for back pain prevention or therapy. Subsequently, it developed as a mode of exercise training for health, fitness and sport. The scientific basis for traditional core stability exercise has recently been questioned and challenged, especially in relation to dynamic athletic performance. Reviews have called for clarity on what constitutes anatomy and function of the core, especially in healthy and uninjured people. Clinical research suggests that traditional core stability training is inappropriate for development of fitness for heath and sports performance. However, commonly used methods of measuring core stability in research do not reflect functional nature of core stability in uninjured, healthy and athletic populations. Recent reviews have proposed a more dynamic, whole body approach to training core stabilization, and research has begun to measure and report efficacy of these modes training. The purpose of this study was to assess extent to which these developments have informed people currently working and participating in sport.MethodsAn online survey questionnaire was developed around common themes on core stability training as defined in the current scientific literature and circulated to a sample population of people working and participating in sport. Survey results were assessed against key elements of the current scientific debate.ResultsPerceptions on anatomy and function of the core were gathered from a representative cohort of athletes, coaches, sports science and sports medicine practitioners (n = 241), along with their views on effectiveness of various current and traditional exercise training modes. Most popular method of testing and measuring core function was subjective assessment through observation (43%), while a quarter (22%) believed there was no effective method of measurement. Perceptions of people in sport reflect the scientific debate, and practitioners have adopted a more functional approach to core stability training. There was strong support for loaded, compound exercises performed upright, compared to moderate support for traditional core stability exercises. Half of the participants (50%) in the survey, however, still support a traditional isolation core stability training.ConclusionPerceptions in applied practice on core stability training for dynamic athletic performance are aligned to a large extent to the scientific literature.

When adopting and using a Software Development Method (SDM), it is important to stay true to the philosophy of the method; otherwise, software developers might execute activities that do not lead to the intended outcomes. Currently, no overview of SDM research addresses software developers’ reasoning behind adopting and using SDMs. Accordingly, this paper aims to survey existing SDM research to scrutinize the current knowledge base on software developers’ type of reasoning behind SDM adoption and use. We executed a systematic literature review and analyzed existing research using two steps. First, we classified papers based on what type of reasoning was addressed regarding SDM adoption and use: rational, irrational, and non-rational. Second, we made a thematic synthesis across these three types of reasoning to provide a more detailed characterization of the existing research. We elicited 28 studies addressing software developers’ reasoning and identified five research themes. Building on these themes, we framed four future research directions with four broad research questions, which can be used as a basis for future research.

Many regular business operations are transforming into digital services, increasing advanced multi-platforms, rapid operational alignment, flexibility, and environmental impact through energy consumption, hardware waste, and technology investments. Flexible and sustainable system development models emphasizing energy efficiency can help innovate software development as digital servicing applications shift. This research is motivated by the need to improve energy consumption in early software design and development due to rising technological efficiency and sustainability demands. Although effective in iterative development and stakeholder engagement, traditional Agile methodologies often struggle with long-term sustainability and energy efficiency. Extended Agile, combining Agile, layered architecture, and aspect-oriented frameworks (ALAI), promises to improve system modularity, flexibility, maintainability, and sustainability. This study’s findings are not just theoretical, but also practically relevant, as they explore the energy efficiency of ALAI software development methodologies, using graduate admission information system services (GAISS) as an example. GAISS is a complex system that handles the entire process of graduate admissions, from application submission to final decision. The study quantifies the energy usage of a student-list webpage by analyzing Microsoft IIS server logs from February 2022 to May 2024. Directly applicable findings show that the GAISS based on the ALAI framework reduces energy consumption by 10.7914% compared to traditional Agile software developments. ALAI used 892.80 kWh versus Agile’s 1000.80 kWh during operations, saving energy. These findings demonstrate the benefits of integrating aspect-oriented frameworks and layering approaches into Agile methodologies, contributing to sustainable software development discourse. The study emphasizes the importance of energy-efficient frameworks such as ALAI to reduce software systems’ environmental impact and promote software development sustainability. The findings of this study, with their practical relevance, assist software developers and organizations in choosing software design and development methods that maximize operational efficiency and environmental sustainability.

This article explores the different ways in which a dance exergame can be used to teach dance in upper secondary school physical education. Particular attention is paid to the learning processes that students are involved in when the dance game is used as a teaching resource. A socio-cultural perspective on learning constitutes the analytical framework. The study demonstrates three different uses: instructor, facilitator and inspirer. In relation to these uses the students are involved in the following learning processes: learning by imitating, repeating, communicating, negotiating, instructing, modelling and using metaphors. It is argued that dance exergames can be used pedagogically to teach dance because they focus on the moves and steps and allow the teacher to focus on observing, supporting, assigning tasks and providing feedback.

Artificial intelligence in dance education: Using immersive technologies for teaching dance skills

Introduction Gathering business requirements can be a difficult process, especially when the final product requirements are dictated by a known client. Business requirement validation in cases where the requirements are gathered using text and graphics can be slow, error prone, and expensive. Misunderstandings and omitted requirements force additional revisions and increase a project's costs and delays. When issues related to the requirements are discovered later in the project, there are even greater costs and delays. Discovering or modifying requirements in the Design Phase can be three to six times more expensive, in the Coding Phase up to ten times more expensive, and in the Development Testing Phase between fifteen and forty times more expensive. In the Acceptance Phase, modifications can be thirty to seventy times more expensive, and in the Operation Phase it could be as high as forty to a thousand times more expensive (Dragon Point Inc., 2008). Architecture and design depends significantly on the Requirement Specifications. Misunderstandings or misinterpretations of the requirement can lead to wrong architectural and design decisions, as well as the propagation of failure into coding and latter project phases. One of the worst-case scenarios is when wrongly implemented requirements are discovered after deployment on the production platform. A research study reported that more than a quarter of completed projects contain only 25% to 49% of the originally specified features and functions (The Standish Group, 1995). The IBM Project Management presentation used the Meta Group study to illustrate that 70% of large IT projects failed or did not meet customer expectations (IBM, 2007). This paper proposes a new approach to the software development process to the improve requirements negotiation process and enable requirement validation during the requirement negotiation process. In the Generalized Requirement Approach (GRA), requirement validation is accomplished using automatically generated source and executable code without manual programming. The source code and executables are generated by the Generic Programming Units (GPU), the basis of the GRA Framework. The GRA Framework, which is the implementation of the GRA, provides guidelines for documenting and specifying requirements, methods, and libraries that are used to generate source code and executables. The questions that are part of the GRA Framework are guidelines for specifying a sufficient level of requirement detail to generate sources and executable code for requirement demonstration. Besides requirement documenting, tracking, and validating, this method addresses common requirement management syndromes, including a specification of an insufficient level of detail (Bulajic, Stojic, & Sambasivam, 2013a), the IKIWISI (I'll know it when I see it) Syndrome, the Yes, But Syndrome (That is not exactly what I mean), and the Undiscovered Ruins Syndrome (Now that I see it, I have another requirement to add). This paper is organized in the following sections: 1. Introduction--this section 2. 3. 4. Software Development Method 5. Generalized Requirement Approach 6. Generalized Requirement Approach Framework 7. Retail Store Example Application 8. Summary of GRA Features and Comparison to other Approaches 9. Conclusion 10. References The section Background discusses the Software Development Methodology and compares sequential and iterative software development processes. The section Literature Survey presents software development methods that have contributed to the software development process. This presentation is limited to the major methods that are currently used for software development. The section Traditional Software Development Method (SDM) is an overview of the current software development process structure that is common for the software development methods presented in the Section 3 Literature Survey. …

The existing software engineering seldom considers software usability, and human-computer interaction (HCI) techniques which can improve the software usability cannot guarantee development efficiency. Recently, more and more stakeholders and users begin to regard the usability as an important software requirement. In order to bring respective advantages of software engineering and HCI techniques into full play to improve software usability and development efficiency, the paper presents user model driven software development, which integrates HCI techniques into software development method by eliciting user model under the participation of user, HCI designer and software engineer. Applications show that the method can be effectively applied to small software development team, and can raise software usability and development efficiency.

Core stability is a concept in the health and fitness professions which became popular in the early 1990s. Despite its popularity, core stability remains a generalized term, which is poorly understood and lacks a universal definition and gold standard assessment. This makes it difficult to identify the role of core stability in athletic injury prevention and performance. To better assess core stability, the objective for this dissertation was to construct a reliable core stability index using measurements which best define and evaluate core stability. The purpose of our first experiment was to introduce and determine the intra-tester reliability of clinical measurements which may relate to core stability. Thirty-five tests which may assess core stability were identified and grouped in five catagories: strength, endurance, flexibility, motor control, and function. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to establish intra-rater reliability. There were highly reliable tests in each of the five groups. Overall, core endurance tests were the most reliable measurements, followed by the flexibility, strength, motor control, and functional tests. Experiment 2 was divided into two parts. The objective of the first part was to determine the relationships between the Star Excursion Test and the Frontal Plane Projection Angel (FPPA) of the knee during a single leg squat and drop, and the 35 tests which may relate to core stability introduced in Experiment 1. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to determine the relationships between the assessments and the core stability related tests. Overall the relationship between the clinical assessments and core stability related tests had low correlations. Therefore, the three clinical assessments we selected may not thoroughly assess core stability. In the second part of Experiment 2 an index was developed that thoroughly evaluates core stability. The results in this study are beneficial to the practice of assessing core stability as well as the fields of sports medicine, occupational medicine, and fitness. Core stability is a complex concept that is composed of different components including strength, endurance, flexibility, and motor control. In the present study, a core stability index was but more work is needed to validate the model.

Background/Context The tradition of dance art in Finland is characterized by values such as individuality and uniqueness, and the professional practice is structured by competition and different hinds of hierarchies, which may also add color to the culture of dance teaching. One of the most noticeable elements within the dance education community is isolation, the feeling of loneliness in one's own work. The 3-year research project that this article is based on tackled the communal element of isolation by introducing collaborative inquiry to a group of dance educators as a way of identifying and transforming the culture of dance teaching. Purpose of the Study To better understand how to support and facilitate collaborative inquiry in diverse contextual frames, this study focuses on the social construction of knowledge among dance professionals. This research project examines the critical incidents that occurred during the collaborative knowledge generation process and, by doing so, sheds light on a more general phenomenon of facilitating the creation of new knowledge in professional contexts characterized by epistemic diversity or specificity. Research Design The participants in the research project included 15 dance teachers and 3 dance school principals from three different dance schools in southern Finland. They formed five working peer groups to explore their professional practice in dance education. An ethnographic case study design was used to examine the knowledge creation process from its inception in March 2008 through April 2010, two years of the overall 3-year research project. The author served as a facilitator for the participants and the working peer groups as well as a researcher in the collaborative inquiry process. Data Collection and Analysis During the collaborative process, the author attended several meetings of the working peer groups, observed dance classes and student performances, interviewed the participants individually and in groups, corresponded with them through e-mails, and discussed different themes in the joint seminars. This article draws on the field-based ethnographic data assembled during the collaboration, especially diary notes, photographs, and video and audio recordings. Conclusions Based on the ethnographic data, the author draws several conclusions with implications for facilitating collaborative inquiry. First, it is argued that experiential bodily knowledge is the foundation for a profound and accurate understanding of the specific activity of dance education: Creating a precise focal knowledge in dance education requires not only lived participation in these activities but also an embodied mode of reflection. Second, and from a more general viewpoint, it is argued that there are diverse (other) ways that practitioners know within their respective professional fields and contextual frames, and that such knowing is revealed through specific modes of performance, action, and reflection. And thus, third, cultural sensitivity and responsiveness could be seen as fundamental to the democratic knowledge generation process in terms of both encouraging sensible participation and striving to avoid a hierarchical and elitist approach to the research enterprise.

The use of biomechanics across sports science and sports medicine.

Conceptual teaching in science education and its implications for pedagogical research have been extensively studied. Likewise, lesson study (LS) has been recognized as a powerful tool for continuous professional development and effective teaching practices. Despite the recognized importance of LS and the affordances of topic-specific PCK (TSPCK) in developing conceptual teaching, the connection between these two approaches in fostering conceptual teaching, remains under-explored within science education. This study aims to explore the development of a conceptual teaching from the dynamic interplay of TSPCK components for teaching a section of organic reactions through a TSPCK-based LS. A qualitative research approach was followed with four teachers from Umkhanyakude district in KwaZulu-Natal. These teachers participated in a TSPCK-based LS to develop a conceptual teaching strategy using Content Representation (CoRe). The findings revealed that teachers progressed from a basic to a developing level of conceptual teaching expertise through LS, as measured by TSPCK component interaction. While the findings are not generalizable, they offer valuable insights into teacher development, highlighting LS as an effective approach for enhancing conceptual teaching in science. This study concludes by recommending large-scale research exploring the role of reflection and feedback during LS in developing conceptual teaching within TSPCK interventions.

This paper discusses connections between a national culture and the culture inspired by software development methods (SDMs). Specifically, based on our research on cultural issues related to software development teams, we propose a model that can help predict whether a specific SDM fits a specific national culture. This model first defines the terms 'tightness of an SDM' and 'tightness of a national culture1. With respect to an SDM, this term articulates the idea that the tighter an SDM is, the more ordered the software development process and environment it inspires will be; with respect to a national culture, the term 'tightness' reflects the degree to which a culture accepts and adopts ordered, planned and procedural work habits. The model then goes on to outline means that can help in the mapping of a given SDM, as well as a given national culture, along the following five dimensions: Project plan, procedures and standards, responsibility, time estimation, and individual need satisfaction. Finally, based on these mappings, the fitness of a given SDM and a national culture is examined. It is proposed that this fitness can serve as a tool for predicting the degree to which a given SDM will be accepted by a specific national culture in general, and by a specific team that is part of that culture, in particular. The model is illustrated using the Israeli hi-tech industry as an example of a national culture and Extreme Programming (XP) as an example of an SDM.

Background/Objectives: Core strength diagnostics often focus on measuring core endurance rather than maximal core strength or core power. This study investigates whether core strength can be considered as a general ability that can be measured by a single core strength test or whether it needs to be differentiated into several components. Methods: Forty-two adult sports students (nfemale = 20; nmale = 22; age: 24.0 ± 2.9 years; body height: 179.0 ± 9.8 cm; body mass: 75.2 ± 12.7 kg; body fat: 18.0 ± 6.8%) participated in two randomized testing sessions in a laboratory setting. Standard measurements, such as peak rate of force development (pRFD), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and holding time, were taken isometrically during four exercises (ventral, dorsal, and lateral right and left). Results: A principal component analysis (PCA) extracted three principal components from twelve different core strength variables. The three identified components explained 73.3% of the total variance and were labeled as (a) maximal core strength, (b) core endurance, and (c) core power. Conclusions: The results suggest three principal components of the core strength construct, as well as their differentiation, may be imperative. These findings should be taken into account in sport science and sports practice as they may be helpful in planning sport-specific diagnostic, performance-oriented training, and injury prevention programs.