Abstract
Theta vacuum effects on the QCD phase structure in the μ–T plane are studied by using the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model and its extension, where μ is the quark chemical potential and T is temperature, respectively. As the parameter θ of the theta vacuum increases, the chiral transition becomes stronger. For large θ, it eventually becomes first order even at zero μ.
Highlights
Violations of parity (P ), charge conjugation (C) and charge-parity symmetries (CP ) are important subjects in particle and nuclear physics
Theta vacuum effects on the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase structure in the μ-T plane are studied by using the Polyakovloop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and its extension, where μ is the quark chemical potential and T is temperature, respectively
P and CP symmetries can be violated locally in high-energy heavy-ion collisions or the early universe at T ≈ ΛQCD. It is argued in Refs. [12, 18] that θ may be of order one during the QCD phase transition in the early universe, while it vanishes at the present epoch [19,20,21,22,23]
Summary
Violations of parity (P ), charge conjugation (C) and charge-parity symmetries (CP ) are important subjects in particle and nuclear physics. P and CP symmetries can be violated locally in high-energy heavy-ion collisions or the early universe at T ≈ ΛQCD [12, 18] that θ may be of order one during the QCD phase transition in the early universe, while it vanishes at the present epoch [19,20,21,22,23] This finite θ may be a new source of very large CP violation in the Universe and may be a crucial missing element for solving the puzzle of baryogenesis. As a consequence of this fact, an electromagnetic current is generated along the magnetic field, since particles with right-handed helicity move opposite to antiparticles with right-handed helicity This is the so-called chiral magnetic effect (CME) [18, 24,25,26].
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