Abstract

Thermophilic Chaetomium species were first isolated from environmental samples such as straw, horse dung, oil palm kernels, wood chips, and bird nests. Thermophilic Chaetomium (Chaetomium thermophilum) is one of the most extreme eukaryotic thermophiles that has revolutionized the biotechnological production of versatile enzymes with relative high heat stability. Ch. thermophilum have attracted great attention in the bioconversion of recalcitrant substrates, gene expression and cloning, production of enzyme cofactor for pharmaceutical biocatalysis, and structural elucidation of biological molecules. A wide range of thermophilic enzymes have been produced from Ch. thermophilum which have found practical applications in biotechnology. Cellobiohydrolase from the glycoside hydrolase family 6 (GH6) has been found useful in the feed processing industry and enzyme and amino acid preparation industry as a result of its high hydrolysis activity and excellent thermostability at 70 °C. Also, thermostable xylanases from Ch. thermophilum are currently utilized in understanding of biomolecular structures and biochemical properties for optimum industrial utilization. Glycoside hydrolases, cellobiohydrolases and polyphenol oxidases are other thermotolerant enzymes that have been produced from Ch. thermophilum. These functional properties of thermophilic Chaetomium provide an extended approach in the biodegradation of various substrates and contribute to the production of thermostable enzymes for industrial biotechnology. This chapter deals with the present utilization of Ch. thermophilum species in biotechnology and future trends of application and development are discussed.

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