Abstract
Manufacturing based on thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) is critical to many of the engineered products. In this article, the evolution of TMP processes is discussed from the historical perspective based on early days of processing steels and solid-state joining. Then, TMP is discussed as an industrial system with sub-systems based on material feedstock, the tooling, tool-material interface; deformation zone; forging equipment; product geometry and plant environment. The above sub-systems are discussed with case studies based on microstructures and plastic flow in metals and alloys. In addition, future directions of thermo-mechanical processing are outlined.
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