Abstract
The thermodynamic properties of Sr-Bi alloys were determined by electromotive force (emf) measurements to evaluate the viability of liquid bismuth metal as a medium for separating alkali/alkaline-earth fission products from molten salt electrolyte. A Sr(s)|CaF2-SrF2|Sr(in Bi) cell was used to measure emf values at 748–1023K for thirteen Sr-Bi alloys at mole fractions 0.05≤xSr≤0.75. Activity values of strontium in bismuth were determined at 788K, 888K, and 988K as well as the partial molar entropy and enthalpy at each composition. Reproducible emf values within±5mV were obtained up to xSr=0.35 during cooling-heating cycle. At higher mole fractions (xSr≥0.40), the emf values exhibited increased hysteresis during the thermal cycles due to the strong tendency of the alloys to form meta-stable phases. The non-equilibrium phase behavior of Sr-Bi alloys was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and microstructural analyses. Compared to the existing equilibrium phase diagram, two additional phases of Sr2Bi3 and Sr4Bi3 were identified and discussed. Liquid-state solubility of Sr was 15–40 mol% at 788–988K and the activity values were as low as 10−13 at 788K, implying strong chemical interactions between Sr and Bi.
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