Thermodynamic and kinetic consideration on the corrosion of Fe, Ni and Cr beneath a molten KCl–ZnCl 2 mixture

Abstract

Thermogravimetric (TG) experiments have been carried out to study the kinetics of hot corrosion of Fe, Cr and Ni, covered by a molten KCl–ZnCl 2 mixture of a composition close to the eutectic (50 mol% KCl–50 mol% ZnCl 2). Furthermore binary and ternary phase diagrams were calculated in order to describe the corrosion process. The tests were conducted at a temperature of 320 °C in an atmosphere consisting of argon and oxygen. For iron different stages are observed in a TG curve. They can be attributed to the different reaction steps of iron chloride formation (incubation phase), oxide precipitation (linear stage) and scale formation (parabolic or logarithmic stage). Based on these observations a model, described by Spiegel [A. Spiegel, Molten Salt Forum 7 (2003) 253], is confirmed. For Cr and Ni these stages are not observed. At 8 vol% O 2 only slight oxidation of Cr and Ni was observed accompanied by evaporation of the salt deposit. At 16 vol% O 2 the rate of oxidation increases and the experiments yield a curve that is either parabolic or logarithmic for both Ni and Cr. As a result it is shown that the solubility of iron chloride in the KCl–ZnCl 2 melt is higher than the solubility of nickel chloride and chromium (III) chloride in the KCl–ZnCl 2 melt. This enables a higher diffusibility of iron chloride to the upper region of the melt where a higher oxygen partial pressure ( p(O 2)) is present leading to a higher oxidation rate of iron.