Abstract
This paper investigates the static bending, free vibration, and dynamic response ofmonomorph, bimorph, and multimorph actuators made of functionally graded piezoelectricmaterials (FGPMs) under a combined thermal-electro-mechanical load by using theTimoshenko beam theory. It is assumed that all of the material properties of the actuator,except for Poisson’s ratio, are position dependent due to a continuous variation inmaterial composition through the thickness direction. Theoretical formulations arederived by employing Hamilton’s principle and include the effect of transverse sheardeformation and axial and rotary inertias. The governing differential equations arethen solved using the differential quadrature method to determine the importantperformance indices, such as deflection, reaction force, natural frequencies, anddynamic response of various FGPM actuators. A comprehensive parametric study isconducted to show the influence of shear deformation, temperature rise, materialcomposition, slenderness ratio, end support, and total number of layers on thethermo-electro-mechanical characteristics. It is found that FGPM monomorphactuators exhibit the so-called ‘non-intermediate’ behavior under an applied electricfield.
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