Abstract
This paper reports the transformation of HCP-Ti into BCC-Ti in the Ti–6Al–4V alloy induced by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). The processes of surface nanocrystallization (SNC) and phase transformation were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the average grain size in the surface layer gradually decreased with increasing SMAT duration, but plateaued at 10[Formula: see text]nm after 90[Formula: see text]min of SMAT, while the proportion of BCC-Ti in the surface layer gradually increased. The refined grains displayed equiaxed grain morphology with a random crystallographic orientation. The thermal stability of nanocrystalline BCC-Ti was investigated by subjecting it to isothermal annealing treatment in the temperature range of 450–800[Formula: see text]C. BCC-Ti nanocrystallites were shown to exhibit excellent thermal stability up to 650[Formula: see text]C, whereas those in HCP-Ti started to recrystallize at approximately 550[Formula: see text]C.
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