Abstract
The overheat abuse experiment of a 12S1P 37 Ah prismatic Lithium-ion battery module in a nominal energy of 1.65 kWh is conducted in this work. The cell behaviors and characterization in the process of thermal runaway propagation is investigated, including the gas eruption, the fire ejection, the flame combustion, the audio features, and the heat transfer, respectively. In the experiment, the central cell is heated on both sides until the pole temperature moves beyond 300 °C, the thermal runaway undergoes about 43 min and propagates from the central to both sides in the module, and all 12 cells burn. Results show that the first three runaway cells spout gas at first, and, then, emit sound with close amplitudes, frequencies, and energies, about 200 s earlier than the fire ejection. Then, the characteristic of the internal short circuit is the temperature rate zone of 1.0 K/s with time greater than 20 s. Moreover, the proposed thermal propagation coefficient is used to assess the thermal propagation capabilities of the runaway cells on their adjacent cells, and this explains the runaway sequence. It is anticipated that the experimental results can provide the deep understanding, thermal runaway warning, and evaluation method for the module safety design.
Highlights
Electric vehicles run efficiently with zero emissions, benefit sustainable development, and grow rapidly
After C7 was heated for about 9 min, either gas eruption or flame burning appeared one by one cell from the central to both sides of the 12S1P battery module
Thermal abuse behaviors were profiled and characterized for a central overheat-induced thermal runaway propagation inside a large prismatic lithium-ion battery module based on the experimental audio-video records and pole temperature data
Summary
Electric vehicles run efficiently with zero emissions, benefit sustainable development, and grow rapidly. In China, the sales of battery electric vehicles reached 652,000 in 2017, which is an increase of. The onboard lithium-ion battery (LIB) capacity exceeded 37 GWh, of which average capacities of electric cars and buses, respectively, were 30 kWh and 60 kWh. Among them, the proportions of the prismatic, the cylinder, and the pouch cells were about 59%, 28%, and 13%, respectively. Millions of battery electric vehicles run on the road. Their safety has always been considered because LIBs can have thermal runaway due to abuse [1]
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