Abstract
We analyze the transverse momentum distributions of pp, pPb, XeXe and PbPb collisions at different RHIC and LHC energies and centralities as well as the corresponding distributions for Higgs production decaying into $\gamma\gamma$ and 4l. A simple linear relation is found between the effective thermal temperature and the hard scale, approximately valid for all processes and mainly determined by the hard scale fluctuations. In order to go further, it is shown that the whole spectrum of pp collisions can be described by a single function showing that the thermal temperature is determined solely by the hard scale and its fluctuations. The possible relation between the multiplicities of the soft and hard scales is explored.
Highlights
The apparent thermal features and the collective behavior observed in proton-proton collisions has challenged our current understanding of the small collision systems, where the application of the conventional hydrodynamical explanation seems to be questionable [1,2]
Theoretical studies of quenches in entangled systems described by (1 + 1)-dimensional conformal field theories of expanding quantum fields and strings, have shown that these systems behave as a generalized Gibbs ensemble with an effective temperature set by the energy cutoff for the ultraviolet modes [3,4,5,6]
In a high-energy collision a hard parton interaction produces a rapid quench of the entangled partonic state [19] and the characteristic effective temperature—inferred from the exponential shape of the transverse momentum distribution (TMD) of the secondary particles produced in the collision—can depend on the energy scale of the hard process, which works as an ultraviolet cutoff of the quantum modes resolved by the collision
Summary
The apparent thermal features and the collective behavior observed in proton-proton collisions has challenged our current understanding of the small collision systems, where the application of the conventional hydrodynamical explanation seems to be questionable [1,2]. The produced particles have a thermal-like exponential spectrum with an effective temperature which is determined by the hard scale and the fluctuations on the number of partons With these considerations, we fit the different TMDs by an exponential distribution and a power-like distribution [20,21,32]. V. Characteristic temperatures particles in PbPb collisions aant d√faslnlnof=f k of the TMD 5.02 TeV in the range η < 0.8 and 0.2 < p⊥ < 17 GeV/c for several centrality classes, data taken from Ref.
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